On the contamination of membrane–electrode assembles of water electrolyzers with solid polymer electrolyte by the elements of titanium alloys

Online measurements of fluoride ions in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis through ion chromatography

“…The water ratio entering the polisher is controlled by a needle valve.The functionality of the resin is very important in commercial PEMWEs, as highly purified water is required to minimize metallic cation impurities. Cationic species can lead to a reduction of the ionic conductivity of the membrane [26][27] [28],…”

Impact of impurities on water electrolysis: a review

“…Similar titanium contamination was also reported when a titanium alloy with 1 wt% of iron was used as the anode PTL. 52 Aer 4000 h of operation, up to 7 wt% titanium and 3.5 wt% of iron was detected in the cathode catalyst layer, sourced from migrated corroded titanium. The authors suggested that this must primarily stem from the cathode titanium PTL, where a sufficiently protective titanium dioxide layer does not form due to the very acidic and reductive environment.…”

Constructing a Multifunctional Interface between Membrane and Porous Transport Layer for Water Electrolyzers

“…Such conditions demand the use of highly corrosion-resistant PTLs and bipolar plates on the anode side. To circumvent this, PEM water electrolyzer components are typically made of titanium due to its excellent chemical stability, good conductivity, and high corrosion resistivity. , A variety of titanium-based PTL architectures including titanium felt, − mesh, , foam, , as well as sintered titanium powders − can be used in PEM electrolyzers. In recent decades, several research groups have investigated the effects of different parameters, such as thickness, particle size, pore diameter, and porosity in PTLs. − However, the passivation of titanium-based PTLs that occurs under real cell conditions is one of the essential factors that restricts their application in the absence of any surface modifications.…”

“…To circumvent this, PEM water electrolyzer components are typically made of titanium due to its excellent chemical stability, good conductivity, and high corrosion resistivity. 7,8 A variety of titanium-based PTL architectures including titanium felt, 9−12 mesh, 13,14 foam, 14,15 as well as sintered titanium powders 16−18 can be used in PEM electrolyzers. In recent decades, several research groups have investigated the effects of different parameters, such as thickness, particle size, pore diameter, and porosity in PTLs.…”