On the Crystal Structural Control of Sputtered TiO2 Thin Films

Jia, Junjun; Yamamoto, Haruka; Okajima, Toshihiro; Shigesato, Yuzo

doi:10.1186/s11671-016-1531-5

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although having nanotubes on silicon reduces the reflectance of the surface, particularly in the UV, comparison between the performance of carbon nanotube–silicon solar cells with and without AR layers or strategies shows that these can increase J SC by around 30–40%. Some AR methods employed in carbon nanotube–silicon cells have included encapsulation by polymers such as PMMA, PDMS, or PS, spin‐coating TiO 2 nanoparticles, atomic layer deposited (ALD) MoO x , or silicon surface texturing to form nanowires ( Figure 17 , left), or random pyramids (Figure , right). Some of these methods operate predominantly as scattering layers (e.g., TiO 2 nanoparticles and silicon nanowires/pyramids), some provide improved refractive index matching (e.g., PMMA, PDMS, and PS), others work via constructive interference effects (e.g., MoO x ), and several exploit more than one of these mechanisms.…”

Section: Improving Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before our 2012 report on the early progress in this field, and the recent efficiency and active area records, the first report of carbon nanotube–silicon heterojunctions being used specifically for solar cells was by Wei et al in 2007 . The overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Wei et al's device was around 1.3% but, as can be seen in Figure 1 and in Table S1 of the Supporting Information, very rapid efficiency gains have been made since then, as might be expected for an architecture based on the already mature field of silicon photovoltaics (PV). However, there is still significant room for improvement in the maximum efficiency of proof‐of‐principle laboratory cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Advances in Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Tune

Flavel

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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in this field as represented in Figure 2 and is broadly divided into two halves. The first half presents some essential background information on carbon nanotubes, particularly in relevance to their role in these kinds of solar cells, as well as a consideration of aspects such as thin film properties, device stability, scale-up, and operating mechanism, while the second half deals with the factors involved in improving performance.This review has been constrained almost exclusively to covering developments in the field of carbon nanotubes interfaced with monocrystalline silicon, though the field is also informed by other work being done in the associated areas of graphene-silicon and conducting polymer-silicon solar cells, as well as the use of nanotube films interfaced with polycrystalline silicon and other semiconductors, perovskites, organic photovoltaics, and more. This is partly in the interests of being able to provide a useful and informative level of technical detail while keeping the work to a manageable and digestible size both for those already working in the field and those new to it. It is also because although there are many parallels between, for example, the nanotube-silicon and polymer-silicon or graphene-silicon works, there are several important and fundamental differences, not the least of which may be the potential complexity/diversity of the operating mechanism(s) in the nanotube-silicon case. For information on these and other related types of photovoltaic device architectures incorporating carbon nanotubes, we refer the reader to Zielke et al., [49] Wang et al., [50] and Arnold et al., [51] as well as Li et al. [52] which also includes an overview of the carbon nanotube-silicon architecture as a part of the broader carbon-silicon theme. Table S1 of the Supporting Information provides a detailed and comprehensive list of published works in the carbon nanotube-silicon field along with various performance measurements, device structure parameters, and material properties. BackgroundAlthough once an exotic, poorly understood, and difficult to obtain material, carbon nanotubes are now relatively well known, well understood, and widely available from commercial suppliers. Briefly, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are very high aspect ratio cylinders of graphene in which the Heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes interfaced with silicon respond to light illumination and can be operated in the power regime as solar cells. Very significant advances have been made in the last 5 years both in terms of headline performance values and in fundamental understanding of the underlying operating principles, as well as the sophistication of the devices and studies being reported. The body of literature is growing rapidly, and the latest power conversion efficiency and active area records have now reached over 17% and 2 cm 2 , respectively. Thus, the authors believe that it is now a useful time for an evaluation of the current state-of-the-art and challenges going forward, as well as for a comprehensively ...

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Section: Improving Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Advances in Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Tune

Flavel

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…The rutile form is more expensive than anatase and is commonly utilized as a coating material, while anatase is used as a photocatalyst material due to its semiconducting properties. [ 172 ] Based on the smaller CV peak separation and higher peak current densities and lower charge‐transfer resistance measured from EIS analysis for anatase compared to that of rutile and an unmodified GF electrode, Cheng et al [ 116 ] concluded that anatase has higher electrocatalytic activity toward the V(II)/V(III) redox reaction. Consequently, they evaluated an anatase TiO 2 ‐GF negative electrode in a VRFB, but its performance was only compared to that of a cell with unmodified graphite felt electrode.…”

Section: All‐vanadium Rfbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal and Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for Redox Flow Batteries

Amini

Gostick

Pritzker

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the promising technologies for large‐scale energy storage applications. For practical implementation of RFBs, it is of great interest to improve their efficiency and reduce their cost. One of the key components of RFBs that can greatly influence the efficiency and final cost is the electrode. The chemical and structural nature of electrodes can modify the kinetics of redox reactions and the accessibility of the electroactive species to available active sites. The ideal electrocatalyst for RFBs must have good activity for the desirable redox reaction, provide a high surface area, and exhibit sufficient conductivity and durability over repeated use. One strategy is to coat the electrode with metal and metal oxide electrocatalysts. Metal electrocatalysts have the advantage of high conductivity, while metal oxide catalysts are usually less expensive and so more economically attractive. In order to gain a better understanding of the performance of the electrocatalysts in RFBs, a comprehensive review of the progress in the development of metal and metal oxide electrocatalysts for RFBs is provided and a critical comparison of the latest developments is presented. Finally, practical recommendations for advancement of electrocatalysts and effective transfer of knowledge in this field are provided.

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“…Extensive investigations show that the HIT-nanowire-based solar cells is a low-cost process for solar cell preparation resulting in a considerable efficiency [242,[292][293][294][295]. The carbon nanotube membranes is introduced as wrapping layer to substitute a-Si:H [296]. Guobin Jia et al proposed a novel multiple core-shell TCO/Al2O3/a-Si:H (p + + i)/c-SiNW structure as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Hybrid Sinw Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of silicon nanowires towards efficient solar cells

et al. 2016

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The recent rise of semiconductor nanowires opens new opportunities for realizing high efficiency photovoltaic devices at low cost due to the unique one-dimensional structure with remarkable electrical and optical properties. Particularly, silicon nanowires (SiNWs), as one of the most earthabundant materials, have been investigated worldwide to develop cost-effective solar cells. Great efforts have been devoted to fabricating ordered/disordered SiNWs using cost-effective approaches and achieving optimized structural parameters, such as array periodicity, nanowire morphology, length and diameter. Systematic theoretical investigations along with experimental studies on optical and electrical properties of SiNWs have been carried out. These efforts have led to obtaining remarkable improvement of the power conversion efficiency of SiNW solar cells from <1% to >10% in the last few years. However, till now, the power conversion efficiency of these SiNW solar cells is far from satisfactory for any commercial applications compared with the traditional bulk silicon solar cells. Further development of SiNW solar cells requires better understanding of the optical and electrical properties of the nanowire solar cells. Improvement in fabrication of high quality nanowires in a controlled fashion also plays a significant role in nanowire solar cell design and fabrication. To guide future development of SiNW solar cells, the recent work on SiNWs is reviewed. Following that, various techniques aiming to achieve high quality nanowires at low cost are introduced. Both bottom-up and top-down techniques are discussed. Then, electrical properties and various types of solar cells based on SiNWs are discussed. Finally challenges and prospects of SiNW solar cells are presented.

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On the Crystal Structural Control of Sputtered TiO2 Thin Films

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Advances in Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Advances in Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Metal and Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for Redox Flow Batteries

Design and fabrication of silicon nanowires towards efficient solar cells

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