On the Cu–Ga system: Electromotive force measurement and thermodynamic reoptimization

Thermodynamic Study and Re-optimization of the Au-Ga Binary System

“…[19,20] The spread between the results reported in different studies is of the order of 30 kJ, which is about 3% of the measured value. On this basis, one can conclude that present results are in good agreement with those already published.…”

“…[19,20] The working electrode was metallic alloy of a chosen composition with the addition of Ga 2 O 3 . The reference electrode was a mixture of Fe ?…”

“…[51] For this optimization, thermodynamic data for the liquid and solid phases, invariant reactions and liquidus/solidus were used, and optimization was done according to Schmid-Fetzer et al [52] guideline, similarly to previous works. [19,20,53,54] Each piece of the selected information was given a certain weight based on experimental uncertainty. The optimization was carried out step by step.…”

“…Since gallium can be used as one component, there is also a need to create thermodynamic database of binary gallium alloys which can contribute to multicomponent systems. Consequently, we analyzed recently silver-gallium [19] and copper-gallium [20] binary alloys. As far as the Au-Ga binary system is concerned, it was already optimized twice, but under different assumptions.…”

Experimental Investigations of Phase Equilibria in Ternary Ag-Cu-Ga System

“…In the literature only one paper by Markiv et al [20] can be found, in which the isothermal section at 450°C is shown. Recently, we conducted a series of investigations enabling us to provide the description of thermodynamic properties of the liquid phases as well as re-optimization of Ag-Ga [21,22] and Cu-Ga [23,24] binary systems. Finally, attempts have been made to complete thermodynamic modeling of the Ag-Cu-Ga system.…”