On the deactivation of supported palladium hydrogenation catalysts by thiophene poisoning

Influence of the Reaction Temperature on the 3-Hexyne Semi-Hydrogenation Catalyzed by a Palladium(II) Complex

“…The incipient wetness technique [29] was used to carry out the heterogenization of the Pd complex on c-alumina Ketjen CK 300 (cylinders of 1.5 mm diameter). The support was previously calcined in air at 773 K for 3 h, obtaining a material with BET surface area: 180 m 2 g -1 , and pore volume: 0.52 cm 3 g -1 .…”

The Wilkinson Complex as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Partial Hydrogenation of 1-Heptyne. Regeneration of the Complex

“…27 To make this, the complex was dissolved in chloroform in a suitable concentration to obtain a catalyst containing 0.3 wt% of Rh. Then, the solvent was let to evaporate in a desiccator at 298 K until a constant mass was attained.…”

“…In order to correct possible deviations caused by electronic charges on the samples, the C1s binding energy was taken as an internal standard at 285.0 eV. 27 The substances were introduced into the equipment following a procedure described by other authors 28 to ensure that there were no changes in the electronic state of the species under study. 29 Either way, exposure of the samples to air for various lengths of time confirmed that there were no electronic modifications.…”

A nickel tetra-coordinated complex as catalyst in heterogeneous hydrogenation

“…The C 1s line was taken as an internal standard at 285É0 eV and it was used to correct possible deviations caused by electric charge on the samples, as previously described. 29 The samples were introduced into the sample holder following the procedure described by Mallat et al, in order to ensure that there was no modiÐcation on the electronic state of the species analyzed.30 Determinations of the atomic x/Ni (x \ N, Cl, S) ratios were made by comparing the areas under the peaks after background subtraction and corrections due to di †erences in escape depths and in photoionization cross sections.31…”