On the developmental theory of ageing. II. The effect of developmental temperature on longevity in relation to adult body size in D. melanogaster

Zwaan, Bas J.; Bijlsma, Rob G.; Hoekstra, RF

doi:10.1038/hdy.1992.19

Cited by 51 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The actual causes of gene-by-environment interactions remain unknown for most characters, but may reflect significant changes in the underlying physiology and genetic determination of the affected traits. Lifespan appears to be a suitable trait for the study of such interactions, since it is assumed to be extremely sensitive to a myriad of environmental factors, ranging from temperature to food levels (Zwaan et al, 1991(Zwaan et al, , 1992Carey et al, 2002). Furthermore, lifespan can also become severely curtailed upon inbreeding, as has already been demonstrated by Clarke and Maynard Smith (1955), who showed that hybrids between two inbred lines showed a large increase in lifespan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Changes in mortality patterns and temperature dependence of lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster caused by inbreeding

Vermeulen

Bijlsma

2003

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After an inbreeding event, lifespan can be curtailed through the expression of deleterious alleles. This will impact on both mortality patterns and interactions with the environment as visualised in reaction norms. We have established the effects of inbreeding on the temperature dependence of lifespan and on mortality patterns in Drosophila melanogaster. Four inbred lines displaying severely decreased lifespan and five outbred controls were assessed for male adult survival at three temperatures. As expected, all inbred lines showed a shorter lifespan than noninbred lines. The mechanisms behind this, however, appeared to be very diverse. Two inbred lines showed a significantly decreased temperature dependence of lifespan compared to the control lines. Analysis of variance on the mortality parameters over all lines showed that inbreeding changes the age-independent mortality but not the age-dependent mortality, whereas temperature does the opposite. This suggests that gene-by-environment interaction caused by inbreeding is the result of changes in the processes of lifespan determination. Importantly, for the two other inbred lines, a particular temperature regime triggered the expression of conditional lethal alleles. Mortality was concentrated in short lethal phases early in adult life. These conditionally expressed lethal alleles affecting lifespan demonstrate line specificity for inbreeding depression and will help ageing studies as such alleles may serve as candidate genes for ageing processes and age-related pathologies in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Changes in mortality patterns and temperature dependence of lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster caused by inbreeding

Vermeulen

Bijlsma

2003

Heredity

Self Cite

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“…When larval nutrition was limited in order to slow development and reduce adult body size, stature again was inversely associated with life span, at least among females. In further work, size was manipulated by rearing larvae at three temperatures while adult longevity was assessed in common thermal conditions (Zwaan et al, 1992). Among groups, larvae from the lowest temperature had the largest adult body size but the shortest life span.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile diet restriction and the aging and reproduction of adult Drosophila melanogaster

2003

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SummaryMutations of the insulin signal pathway in Drosophila melanogaster produce long-lived adults with many correlated phenotypes. Homozygotes of insulin-like receptor ( InR ) and insulin-like receptor substrate ( chico ) delay time to eclosion, reduce body size, decrease reproduction and increase life span. Because these mutations are expressed through all life stages it is unclear when insulin signals must be reduced to increase life span. As a first analysis of this problem in D. melanogaster we have manipulated the larval diet to determine if changes in metabolic regulation at this stage are sufficient to slow aging. We controlled the dietary yeast fed to third instar larvae and studied the size, mortality, fecundity and hormones of the resulting adults, which were fed a normal, yeast-replete diet. Adults from yeast-deprived larvae phenocopied many traits of InR and chico mutants: small body size, delayed eclosion, reduced ovariole number and reduced age-specific fecundity. But unlike constitutive mutants of the insulin/IGF system, adults from yeast-deprived larvae had normal patterns of demographic senescence, and this was accompanied by normal insulin-like peptide and juvenile hormone syntheses. Surprisingly, the normal aging in these adults was also associated with greatly reduced fecundity. Although nutritional conditions of the larvae can affect the subsequent body size and fecundity of adults, these are not sufficient to slow aging.

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“…This work has regularly included examinations of the proximate determinants of size variation French et al 1998;Azevedo et al 2002), and the effects of this variation on, for example, fecundity, longevity and developmental time (Zwaan et al 1992;James and Partridge 1995;McCabe and Partridge 1997;Bangham et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size patterns in Drosophila inhabiting a mesocosm: interactive effects of spatial variation in temperature and abundance

et al. 2006

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Body size is a major component of fitness. However, the relative contributions of different factors to optimal size, and the determinants of spatial and temporal variation in size, have not been fully established empirically. Here, we use a mesocosm of a Drosophilidae assemblage inhabiting decaying nectarines to investigate the influence of spatial variation in temperature on adult body size in Drosophila simulans Sturtevant. Two treatments were established; one in the sun where developing larvae were exposed to high temperatures and the other in the shade where temperature conditions were milder. The simple developmental effects of temperature differences (i.e. larger flies are likely to emerge from cooler environments), or the simple effects of stressful temperatures (i.e. high temperatures yield wing abnormalities and smaller flies), were overridden by interactive effects between temperature and larval density. Emergences were lower in the sun than shade, probably as a result of temperature-induced mortality. However, flies attained the same final sizes in the shade and sun. In addition, abnormally winged flies were clustered in the shaded treatments. In the shade treatments, where emergences were higher than in the sun, stressful conditions as a result of high larval density likely resulted in wing abnormalities and small size. Consequently, there was little spatial variation in size across the mesocosm, but substantial spatial variation in abundance. Under natural conditions both mortality and non-lethal effects of temperature and/or crowding are likely to play a role in the evolution of body size.

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On the developmental theory of ageing. II. The effect of developmental temperature on longevity in relation to adult body size in D. melanogaster

Cited by 51 publications

References 34 publications

Changes in mortality patterns and temperature dependence of lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster caused by inbreeding

Changes in mortality patterns and temperature dependence of lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster caused by inbreeding

Juvenile diet restriction and the aging and reproduction of adult Drosophila melanogaster

Body size patterns in Drosophila inhabiting a mesocosm: interactive effects of spatial variation in temperature and abundance

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