On the Elevation Dependency of Present-day Climate and Future Change over Korea from a High Resolution Regional Climate Simulation

Im, Eun‐Soon; Ahn, Joong‐Bae

doi:10.2151/jmsj.2011-106

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…According to Student's t ‐test, the variation of the temperature change rate with altitude under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios is statistically significant at 82 and 65% confidence levels, respectively. This characteristic of temperature change with altitude is in agreement with the results of Im and Ahn (), who attributed it to the snow‐albedo feedback mechanism. This characteristic infers that the FFD delay with increasing altitude in RCP 4.5 and 8.5 simulations will be reduced compared to the Historical simulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As a result, the temperature increase is higher under the RCP 8.5 scenario than under RCP 4.5 and higher in February than in April. This is attributed to the snow albedo feedback mentioned in Ohashi and Tanaka () and Im and Ahn (). According to their study analysis, melted snow in high elevation causes decreased albedo and increased insolation, which means that the temperature changes in winter (December to February, DJF) can be larger than those in other seasons in South Korea.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The change of first‐flowering date over South Korea projected from downscaled IPCC AR5 simulation: peach and pear

Hur

Ahn

2014

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:The variations in the first-flowering date (FFD) of peach (Prunus persica) and pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) under future climate change in South Korea are investigated using simulations obtained from five models of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. For the study, daily temperature simulations with Historical (1986Historical ( -2005, and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) (2071-2090) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios are statistically downscaled to 50 peach and pear FFD (FFD peach and FFD pear , respectively) observation sites over South Korea. The number of days transformed to standard temperature (DTS) method is selected as the phenological model and applied to simulations for estimating FFD peach and FFD pear over South Korea, due to its superior performance on the target plants and region compared to the growing degree days (GDD) and chill days (CD) methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The change of first‐flowering date over South Korea projected from downscaled IPCC AR5 simulation: peach and pear

Hur

Ahn

2014

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Analysing an ensemble of climate change experiments with a coupled GCM over the Rocky Mountains, also Fyfe and Flato () found larger temperature changes at high elevations, again attributable to the snow‐albedo feedback. Further studies, applying both GCMs and RCMs, confirm the existence of an elevation signal especially for future temperature changes (Wild et al , ; Leung and Ghan, ; Kim, ; Snyder et al , ; Snyder and Sloan, ; López‐Moreno et al , ; Salathé et al , ; Im and Ahn, ; Gobiet et al , ). Im et al () documented the particular importance of surface‐atmosphere feedback mechanisms in determining elevation gradients of both temperature and precipitation changes in the European Alps by using an RCM in a surrogate climate change framework (Schär et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The elevation dependency of 21st century European climate change: an RCM ensemble perspective

Kotlarski

Lüthi

Schär

2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The ENSEMBLES regional climate model (RCM) ensemble is analysed with respect to the elevation‐dependency of 21st century near‐surface climate change over Europe. Fifteen experiments carried out by 11 different RCMs, driven by 6 different global climate models (GCMs) are considered, all of them assuming the SRES A1B emission scenario. Model evaluation for the historical period yields an approximate reproduction of observed temperature–elevation and precipitation–elevation profiles, but some distortion due to high‐elevation cold and wet biases. Climate change signals until the end of the 21st century show characteristic elevation dependencies over many parts of Europe and in many seasons. Except for northern Europe maximum warming typically occurs at medium to high elevations, leading to a decrease of near‐surface temperature lapse rates. The model agreement on the vertical temperature change profile is high; it does not depend on the driving GCM although the latter strongly determines the overall warming magnitude. Warming anomalies can often be related to changes of surface snow cover, and a contribution of the snow‐albedo feedback to the anomalous medium‐ and high‐elevation warming is likely. Also climate change signals of seasonal precipitation sums can considerably depend on elevation, but peculiarities highly depend on the region and season considered. Moreover, the vertical precipitation change profile appears to be less related to elevation itself but is strongly influenced by horizontal change patterns within the individual analysis domains and by the relative location of grid cells with respect to major orographic obstacles. Medium‐ to high‐elevation anomalies of large‐scale climate change signals as identified in this work represent an added value of dynamical downscaling as these elevations are typically not represented by the driving GCMs.

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“…They found large increases in the maximum temperature at higher elevations in summer associated with drying conditions. Another regional climate model at 20 km resolution was used to investigate the elevational dependency of the temperature changes over Korea (Im and Ahn 2011) showing that enhanced warming occurs for minimum temperature at higher elevations, especially during winter, mostly because of the snow-albedo feedback. Still another study used the PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies) RCM at ∼ 25 km resolution (Jones et al 2004) nested into the Hadley Centre's global atmospheric model HadAM3P to study climate change in Central America and Mexico (Karmalkar et al 2011), highlighting the expected amplification of future warming with elevation in the lower troposphere and its significant implications for mountainous regions (e.g., Bradley et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation-dependent warming in global climate model simulations at high spatial resolution

et al. 2018

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The enhancement of warming rates with elevation, so-called elevation-dependent warming (EDW), is one of the regional, still not completely understood, expressions of global warming. Sentinels of climate and environmental changes, mountains have experienced more rapid and intense warming trends in the recent decades, leading to serious impacts on mountain ecosystems and downstream. In this paper we use a state-of-the-art Global Climate Model (EC-Earth) to investigate the impact of model spatial resolution on the representation of this phenomenon and to highlight possible differences in EDW and its causes in different mountain regions of the Northern Hemisphere. To this end we use EC-Earth climate simulations at five different spatial resolutions, from ∼ 125 to ∼ 16 km, to explore the existence and the driving mechanisms of EDW in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, the Greater Alpine Region and the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas. Our results show that the more frequent EDW drivers in all regions and seasons are the changes in albedo and in downward thermal radiation and this is reflected in both daytime and nighttime warming. In the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas and in the Greater Alpine Region, an additional driver is the change in specific humidity. We also find that, while generally the model shows no clear resolution dependence in its ability to simulate the existence of EDW in the different regions, specific EDW characteristics such as its intensity and the relative role of different driving mechanisms may be different in simulations performed at different spatial resolutions. Moreover, we find that the role of internal climate variability can be significant in modulating the EDW signal, as suggested by the spread found in the multi-member ensemble of the EC-Earth experiments which we use.

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On the Elevation Dependency of Present-day Climate and Future Change over Korea from a High Resolution Regional Climate Simulation

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

The change of first‐flowering date over South Korea projected from downscaled IPCC AR5 simulation: peach and pear

The change of first‐flowering date over South Korea projected from downscaled IPCC AR5 simulation: peach and pear

The elevation dependency of 21st century European climate change: an RCM ensemble perspective

Elevation-dependent warming in global climate model simulations at high spatial resolution

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