On the energy economics of air lubrication drag reduction

Mäkiharju, Simo A.; Perlin, Marc; Ceccio, Steven L.

doi:10.3744/jnaoe.2012.4.4.412

Cited by 59 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, turbulent skin friction on the hull accounts for about 50% of the total drag on ships and about 60% of the drag on submarines under routine operating conditions [3]; an estimated 60% of the propulsive power of a typical ship is expended solely in overcoming this boundary layer drag. [4]. Techniques to mitigate skin friction drag, even moderately, thus have the potential to yield considerable savings in fuel consumption and operating costs, along with attendant improvements in propulsive efficiency and reductions in exhaust emissions into the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative drag reduction in turbulent flows using polymer additives and superhydrophobic walls

Rajappan

McKinley

2020

Phys. Rev. Fluids

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The addition of soluble long chain polymers to a Newtonian fluid, and the incorporation of aerophilic textures on submerged solid boundaries, have both been successfully employed as independent, stand-alone methods for drag reduction in turbulent aqueous flows. In this paper, we explore the possibility of combining the two strategies additively to obtain enhanced levels of frictional drag reduction in wall-bounded turbulence. By means of skin friction measurements in fully turbulent Taylor-Couette flow, we show that dissolved polymer chains act in concert with superhydrophobic walls to yield a net reduction in turbulent drag that is up to 50% greater than that obtainable from either method employed independently. Cooperative drag reduction measurements are presented for various combinations involving one of two common water-soluble polymers (either polyacrylamide or polyethylene oxide) paired with one of two prototype drag-reducing superhydrophobic surfaces-either a regular pattern of streamwise microgrooves or a scalable random superhydrophobic texture possessing hierarchical multiscale roughness. The surface activity of polyethylene oxide is observed to adversely influence the wall slip on the randomly textured surface, leading to significant diminution in the overall drag reduction efficacy of this polymer-surface combination. In cases where such interfacial effects are absent, an additive friction law in Prandtl-von Kármán coordinates is proposed that yields fairly accurate predictions of the combined drag reduction performance anticipated from a given polymer-surface pair, each possessing known individual drag-reducing characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative drag reduction in turbulent flows using polymer additives and superhydrophobic walls

Rajappan

McKinley

2020

Phys. Rev. Fluids

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“…In Partial Cavity Drag Reduction (PCDR), a cavity of air is created by a volume of gas with the help of a recess on the bottom of the hull [184]. The cavity between the hull and outer flow reduces the drag resistance.…”

Section: Partial Cavity Drag Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cavity between the hull and outer flow reduces the drag resistance. Note that gas is continuously injected into the cavity to replenish some of the lost gas due to entrainment at the cavity closure [184]. The Air Chamber Energy Saving (ACES) System by Damen Ship is an example of a commercial application of PCDR [178].…”

Section: Partial Cavity Drag Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Mallouppas¹,

Yfantis²

2021

JMSE

168

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This review paper examines the possible pathways and possible technologies available that will help the shipping sector achieve the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) deep decarbonization targets by 2050. There has been increased interest from important stakeholders regarding deep decarbonization, evidenced by market surveys conducted by Shell and Deloitte. However, deep decarbonization will require financial incentives and policies at an international and regional level given the maritime sector’s ~3% contribution to green house gas (GHG) emissions. The review paper, based on research articles and grey literature, discusses technoeconomic problems and/or benefits for technologies that will help the shipping sector achieve the IMO’s targets. The review presents a discussion on the recent literature regarding alternative fuels (nuclear, hydrogen, ammonia, methanol), renewable energy sources (biofuels, wind, solar), the maturity of technologies (fuel cells, internal combustion engines) as well as technical and operational strategies to reduce fuel consumption for new and existing ships (slow steaming, cleaning and coating, waste heat recovery, hull and propeller design). The IMO’s 2050 targets will be achieved via radical technology shift together with the aid of social pressure, financial incentives, regulatory and legislative reforms at the local, regional and international level.

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“…Air lubrication can be divided into three main types [9]: bubble drag reduction (BDR) [10], air layer drags reduction (ALDR) [11]; and partial cavity drag reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigations of micro bubble drag reduction effect for container ships

Gamal

Kotb

Naguib

et al. 2021

Mar Syst Ocean Technol

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In the course of the most recent thirty years reduction of ship resistance and saving fuel consumption to accomplish higher speed with reduction of pollutants has been the significant subject for researchers. Micro bubble drag reduction technique is the one of the most interesting thoughts in this field owing to its great advantages, such as considerable potential drag reduction, easy operations, environmental friendliness and low costs. In this study a 3-D numerical investigation into frictional drag reduction by air micro bubbles is applied on KRISO container ship model. The objective is to understand the mechanism of resistance reduction through micro bubbles injection under model ship at different Froude numbers, injection rate and of course volume fractions. The numerical simulations are performed using a commercial CFD code solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. For more than 36 simulations has performed to investigate the effect of injection of micro bubble under ship model hull and to estimate the local Coefficient of friction values along ship hull model. The results show that at all of the examined Froude number, frictional resistance reduction attained but at different rates and a maximum drag reduction of 27.6 % obtained at 0.282 Froude number with 4.8 % air volume fraction. Keywords ship resistance • KRISO ship model • container ship • micro bubble • drag reduction • numerical simulation • ANSYS FLUENT Marine systems and ocean technology j o u r n a l manuscript No.

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On the energy economics of air lubrication drag reduction

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Cooperative drag reduction in turbulent flows using polymer additives and superhydrophobic walls

Cooperative drag reduction in turbulent flows using polymer additives and superhydrophobic walls

Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

Numerical investigations of micro bubble drag reduction effect for container ships

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