On the enhancement of anti-neurotoxin antibody production by subcomponents HA1 and HA3b of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin

Abstract

Guidelines on how to submit a Microbiology Comment article can be found in the Instructions for Authors at http://mic.sgmjournals.org It should be noted that the Editors of Microbiology do not necessarily agree with the views expressed in Microbiology Comment.Charles J.

Molecular immune recognition of botulinum neurotoxin B. The light chain regions that bind human blocking antibodies from toxin-treated cervical dystonia patients. Antigenic structure of the entire BoNT/B molecule

“…Recurring injections could educe in some patients (less with BoNT/A than BoNT/B) blocking Abs against the treating toxin, which diminish the benefit or create a complete resistance to treatment (Göschel et al 1997;Atassi and Oshima 1999;Jankovic 2004Jankovic , 2006Jankovic et al 2006;Atassi 2004Atassi , 2006. In a study of 100 patients with CD, one-third of the patients who were negative for BoNT/B Abs at baseline became positive for BoNT/B Abs during a 42-month follow up which included about 5 treatment visits per patient .…”

Regions of recognition by blocking antibodies on the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin A

“…Therefore, in immunization of the animals the toxin had to be inactivated first by formaldehyde. It should be mentioned that reaction with formaldehyde creates covalent changes and cross-links in the protein that might cause some alterations in the immune recognition of the toxin (Atassi 2006).…”

Profile of Xeomin® (incobotulinumtoxinA) for the treatment of blepharospasm

“…The dose of toxin used was about 1000 times greater than in typical clinical use. The antigen immunized into the mice was actually inactivated toxin (toxoid) that was treated with formaldehyde, which in itself causes the molecule to be more antigenic than native proteins 38. However, these and other data confirmed that HA1 and HA3b appear to increase the immunogenic potential 37…”