On the Feasibility of Multi-Mode Antennas in UWB and IoT Applications below 10 GHz

Abstract

While on the one hand 5G and B5G networks are challenged by ultra-high data rates in wideband applications like 100+ Gbps wireless Internet access, on the other hand they are expected to support reliable low-latency Internet of Things (IoT) applications with ultra-high connectivity. These conflicting challenges are addressed in a system proposal dealing with both extremes. In contrast to most recent publications, focus is on the frequency domain below 10 GHz. Towards this goal, multi-mode antenna technology is used and different realizations, offering up to eight uncorrelated ports per radiator element, are studied. Possible baseband architectures tailored to multi-mode antennas are discussed, enabling different options regarding precoding and beamforming.

Design and Implementation of Quad-Element Super-Wideband MIMO Antenna for IoT Applications

“…The dimensions of the antenna element must be kept small for the smooth installation of the MIMO antenna in the IoT modules [7]. But, designing a small-sized four-port MIMO antenna is challenging due to the correlation between the neighboring antenna elements.…”

“…In complex IoT modules, a low-profile, compact-sized, super-wideband (SWB) antenna could be the best option as it covers multiple wireless standards and technologies, which reduces the overall module size/weight [6][7]. Recently, several antenna designs have been investigated for the SWB [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Wideband Four-Port Single-Patch Antenna Based on the Quasi-TM1/2,1/2 Mode for 5G MIMO Access-Point Application

“…four-port single-patch antenna [5], [6], can have a much smaller array size (less than about one half) as compared to a conventional antenna array based on using the traditional two-port dual-polarized antenna element.…”

“…Four isolated waves related to the monopolar patch antenna (MPA) mode [8], [9] are generated with very low envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs less than 0.05) over the wide band [7]. However, it is noted that, in order to achieve four-port operation with good port isolation for the wideband MIMO access-point application, the outer dimension of the reported four-port antenna is still as large as 0.85λ in [5], [6] or 0.77λ in [7]. The four-antenna elements with more compact in patch size and much simpler in antenna structure are still demanding for MIMO access-point antenna application.…”

Design of Multi-feed UWB Antennas using the Theory of Characteristic Modes

“…To generate multiple beams, and achieve that the planar structure can be used to work in MIMO technology, multiple feeding ports must be inserted. Therefore, based on the use of symmetry of the structures to insert multiple feeds with an orthogonal port, the location points for the feeds will be obtained [73][74][75]. Inductive excitation slots have been used to excite the planar structure.…”