On the Free Amino Acids in Anthers of Male-Sterile Wheat and Maize

Fukasawa, Hirosuke

doi:10.1266/jjg.29.135

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This notable phenomenon was also found in the anthers of cytoplasmic male-sterile corn (Fukasawa 1954;Khoo and Stinson 1957). The present data confirm the accumulation of asparagine in sterile anthers.…”

Section: ) Anther Weight During Pollen Degenerationsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Abnormal Increase of Amide Nitrogen in Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Wheat

Fukasawa

1968

The Japanese journal of genetics

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When the whole genome of wheat, tetraploid or hexaploid species of Triticum, is transferred by the method of successive backcrosses into the cytoplasm of the related species, Aegilops ovata, all the offspring show a typical male-sterility expressed by pollen abortion (Fukasawa 1953(Fukasawa , 1959.Microspore development in the sterile anthers is morphologically normal at meiosis, but degeneration occurs during further pollen development (Fukasawa 1956).Besides the male-sterile condition, retardation of plant growth begins at germination, and the heading delays for about ten days, resulting in the reduction of plant height at maturation period, as compared with normal wheat (Fukasawa 1957).These abnormalities seem to be attributable to disharmony between the wheat genome and ovata cytoplasm ; and abnormal protein metabolism could be responsible initially for the disturbances (Fukasawa 1962). From this point of view, it was considered that a survey of protein metabolism in sterile anthers could give a biochemical explanation for the cytoplasmic male-sterile condition. The present paper deals with abnormality of nitrogen contents in alcohol-soluble and -insoluble fractions extracted with weak buffer solution from degenerating anthers and young spikes, and also from germinating embryos or seedlings.Comparisons are made between male-sterile and normal fertile strains. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe male-sterile emmer wheat used in this experiment carries the genome from Triticum dicoccum var. arras (Khapli) and the cytoplasm from Aegilops ovata.Normally fertile T. dicoccum (Khapli) plants were used for controls.Anthers of male-sterile and normal wheat plants were collected at the bi-nucleate stage of microspore development and at the tri-nucleate stage. Samples were also taken from the young whole spikes, containing many anthers which showed almost the same two developmental stages as just described above. Likewise a survey was made of the nitrogen content of embryos and seedlings.Selected good seeds were placed in petri-dishes and incubated at 25°C. After 20 to 24 hours, germinating embryos were detached from the endosperm by the use of a vaccinator.Three days old seedlings with intact roots were used after removal of the endosperm.Fresh materials were homogenized by hand at low temperature in 0.02 M phosphate

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Section: ) Anther Weight During Pollen Degenerationsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…From a paperchromatographic survey of free amino acids in anthers of cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat, Fukasawa (1954) revealed a remarkable accumulation of asparagine during the course of pollen degeneration.…”

Section: ) Anther Weight During Pollen Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Increase of Amide Nitrogen in Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Wheat

Fukasawa

1968

The Japanese journal of genetics

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“…To date, 20 independent CGMS have been reported in rice (Balaji Suresh et al 2012), however, three of them, wild abortive (WA), Boro Tai (BT) and Honglian (HL) are mostly applied for commercial hybrid seed production (Li and Yuan 2000;Fujii and Toriyama 2009). The causes of cytoplasmic male sterility are related to abnormal behavior of the tapetal cell (Che et al 1972); the structural changes in the stamen filament; callose dissolution (Izhar and Frankel 1973); virus (Frankel 1956(Frankel , 1962Edwardson and Corbetts 1961;Edwardson 1956); differences of amino acid components in anther (Fukasawa 1954) and enzymatic activities (Fukasawa 1954;Larser and Lerstein 1972). Cytoplasmic male sterility is under the control of both mitochondrial and nuclear genome, resulting from the reaction between factor S in the cytoplasm and nuclear genes (Newton 1988;Levings and Brown 1989).…”

Section: Male Sterility In Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineering of Male Sterility in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Tien¹,

Oo²,

Soh³

et al. 2013

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Male sterility is an important trait for crop breeding program based on heterosis. Recent advances in molecular researches have led to the identification of genes involved in plant reproductive development and understanding the molecular functions of rice male gametophyte including roles of phytohormones in reproduction process. Here, we review the genes required for key aspects of anther/pollen development and conventional methods for the production of hybrid seeds in rice. Finally, we discuss the molecular approaches for the generation of male-sterile lines through the regulation of phytohormonal biosynthesis in reproductive organs.

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“…Proline is the major amino acid in the pollen of most plants and its content in the pollen is connected with pollen fertility (Tupy ,1964 ;Fukasawa, 1954;Hosokawa et at., 1963) . Recently Chauhan and Kumar (unpublished), while studying the causes of fruitlessness in T ecoma stars, observed that the amount of proline in the anthers decreased with the increase in the pollen sterity caused by a rise in daily temperature and 100% sterile anthers were devoid of proline .…”

Section: It Is Evident Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyto-Histological and Biochemical Studies on Pollen Abortion in Datura alba L. Plants Treated with Gametocidal Compounds

Chauhan¹,

Kinoshita

1980

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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The use of gametocidal compounds for inducing male sterility in plants has received considerable attention in recent years (Dubey and Singh, 1968) . However, little has been manifested about the effect of these chemicals on anther development. The present paper deals with the effect of some gametocides on cyto-histological and biochemical changes in the anthers of Datura alba L. Materials and methods.Some of Datura alba plants were treated only once at pre-floral bud initiation stage (T1) , while some were treated twice, both at pre-and post-floral bud initiation stage (T2), and still others were three times, at pre-and post-floral bud initiation stages and at the time of anthesis (T3), with aqueous solutions of 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5% Maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydropyridiazine 3,5-dione) ; 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5% FW-450 (sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate) and 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% Dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid). A few plants were treated with distilled water to serve as controls. Flower buds were fixed in f ormalin-acetic-alcohol, 1: 3 acetic alcohol and 80% acetone, and sections were cut at 7-12 ,cc. They were stained with Heidenhain's iron-alum haematoxylin. For the histochemical localization of total carbohydrates of insoluble polysaccharides (PAS reaction), total proteins (Ninhydrin-schiff's reaction), DNA (Feulgen test), histones (alkaline-fast green test) and enzyme acid phosphatase (lead sulphide method) in the microtomed sections, the procedures described by Jensen (1962) were applied. Free proline in the anthers of control and chemically treated plants was quantitatively estimated by the colorimetric method of Bates et al. (1973). Standard curve was made by using pure proline (B.D.H.).Results and discussion. On the basis of extent of sterility induced by gametocides, the treated plants were classified into four classes: Normal (pollen sterility, 0-20%), semi-sterile a (21-50%), semi-sterile b (51-95%) and complete sterile (96-100%).

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On the Free Amino Acids in Anthers of Male-Sterile Wheat and Maize

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Abnormal Increase of Amide Nitrogen in Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Wheat

Abnormal Increase of Amide Nitrogen in Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Wheat

Bioengineering of Male Sterility in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Cyto-Histological and Biochemical Studies on Pollen Abortion in Datura alba L. Plants Treated with Gametocidal Compounds

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