On the heating mix of ITER

Wagner, F.; Bécoulet, A.; Budny, R.; Erckmann, V.; Farina, D.; Giruzzi, G.; Kamada, Y.; Kaye, A.; Koechl, F.; Lackner, K.; Marushchenko, N. B.; Murakami, M.; Oikawa, T.; Parail, V.; Park, J. M.; Ramponi, G.; Sauter, O.; Stork, D.; Thomas, P. R.; Tran, Quang D.; Ward, D.J.; Zohm, H.; Zucca, C.

doi:10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/124044

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The characteristics of the pedestal, including edge temperature gradient are found to be more important than the mix in achieving the Q=10 goal [Wagner et al 2010]. …”

Section: Basic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating physics and technology in support of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor

Wilson

Bonoli

2014

Physics of Plasmas

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“…The characteristics of the pedestal, including edge temperature gradient are found to be more important than the mix in achieving the Q=10 goal [Wagner et al 2010]. …”

Section: Basic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating physics and technology in support of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor

Wilson

Bonoli

2014

Physics of Plasmas

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“…30). This solver has been successfully implemented and tested in the ray-tracing code TRAVIS and is now routinely used for ECCD calculations [29,[34][35][36][37]. Apart from this, this solver is also in use for current drive calculations in scenarios with electron Bernstein waves in TJ-II stellarator [38].…”

Section: Low Collisionality (Long-mean-free-path) Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron cyclotron current drive in low collisionality limit: On parallel momentum conservation

et al. 2011

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A comprehensive treatment of the models used in ray-and beam-tracing codes to calculate the electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) by means of the adjoint technique, based on the adjoint properties of the collision and Vlasov operators appearing in the drift-kinetic equation, is presented. Particular attention is focused on carefully solving the adjoint drift-kinetic equation (generalized Spitzer problem) with parallel momentum conservation in the like-particle collisions. The formulation of the problem is valid for an arbitrary magnetic configuration. Only the limit of low collisionality is considered here, which is of relevance for high-temperature plasmas. It is shown that the accurate solution of the adjoint drift-kinetic equation with parallel momentum conservation significantly differs (apart from the supra-thermal electron portion) from that calculated in the high-speed-limit, which is most commonly used in the literature. For high-temperature plasmas with significant relativistic effects, the accuracy of the resulting numerical models is demonstrated by ray-tracing calculations and benchmark results are presented. It is found that the ECCD efficiency calculated for ITER with parallel momentum conservation significantly exceeds the predictions obtained with the high-speed-limit model.

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“…In terms of γ CD , typical numbers quoted for ITER are around 0.2 for ECCD and 0.3 for NBCD [8]; for DEMO, Ref. [12] quotes γ CD = 0.2 for ECCD at 200 GHz and γ CD = 0.45 -0.55 for NBCD depending on the acceleration voltage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-cyclotron-current-drive efficiency in DEMO plasmas

et al. 2012

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The achievable efficiency for external current drive through electron-cyclotron waves in a demonstration tokamak reactor is investigated. Two possible reactor designs, one for steady state and one for pulsed operation, are considered. Beam propagation, absorption and current drive are modelled employing the beam tracing technique and including momentum conservation in electron-electron collisions. It is found that for midplane injection the achievable current drive efficiency is limited by second-harmonic absorption at levels consistent with previous studies. Higher efficiencies can be achieved by injecting the beams from the top of the machine, exploiting wave absorption by more energetic (less collisional) electrons. Current drive efficiencies competitive with those usually obtained by neutral beam current drive are reported. These optimum efficiencies are found for frequencies around 230 GHz and 290 GHz for the steady-state and the pulsed DEMO, supposed to operate at a magnetic field B = 5.84 T and B = 7.45 T, respectively.

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On the heating mix of ITER

Cited by 46 publications

References 41 publications

Progress on ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating physics and technology in support of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor

Progress on ion cyclotron range of frequencies heating physics and technology in support of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor

Electron cyclotron current drive in low collisionality limit: On parallel momentum conservation

Electron-cyclotron-current-drive efficiency in DEMO plasmas

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