On the Identity of the Weedy Bittercresses (<i>Cardamine</i> : Brassicaceae) in United States Nurseries: Evidence from Molecules and Morphology

Post, Angela R.; Ali, Regina; Krings, Alexander; Xiang, Qiu-Yun Jenny; Sosinski, B. R.; Neal, Joseph C.

doi:10.1614/ws-d-10-00063.1

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…When not obvious, C. flexuosa and C. hirsuta were identified using morphological keys (Post et al ., 2011). The incidence of backcrossing is seemingly low, if at all possible, as we found none out of a total of 115 plants in the study sites screened for their ploidy level using flow cytometry (CyFlow Space; Sysmex Partec, Goerlitz, Germany; using CyStain UV Precise P reagents, Sysmex Partec).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species

Akiyama¹,

Sun

Hatakeyama

et al. 2020

New Phytologist

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Summary Polyploidization is pervasive in plants, but little is known about the niche divergence of wild allopolyploids (species that harbor polyploid genomes originating from different diploid species) relative to their diploid progenitor species and the gene expression patterns that may underlie such ecological divergence. We conducted a fine‐scale empirical study on habitat and gene expression of an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors. We quantified soil properties and light availability of habitats of an allotetraploid Cardamine flexuosa and its diploid progenitors Cardamine amara and Cardamine hirsuta in two seasons. We analyzed expression patterns of genes and homeologs (homeologous gene copies in allopolyploids) using RNA sequencing. We detected niche divergence between the allopolyploid and its diploid progenitors along water availability gradient at a fine scale: the diploids in opposite extremes and the allopolyploid in a broader range between diploids, with limited overlap with diploids at both ends. Most of the genes whose homeolog expression ratio changed among habitats in C. flexuosa varied spatially and temporally. These findings provide empirical evidence for niche divergence between an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species at a fine scale and suggest that divergent expression patterns of homeologs in an allopolyploid may underlie its persistence in diverse habitats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine‐scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species

Akiyama¹,

Sun

Hatakeyama

et al. 2020

New Phytologist

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“…Cardamine occulta grows in flower beds and pots, at the edges of roads, among cobblestones or paving stones, or on pavements, often in irrigated places. In most cases, it was apparently introduced as a weed, often with mulch, from plant nurseries where it finds appropriate growing conditions (as reported from North America by Post et al 2011). However, the species was also found in rice fields in northern Italy, where it was most likely introduced with rice from Eastern Asia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardamine occulta, the correct species name for invasive Asian plants previously classified as C. flexuosa, and its occurrence in Europe

Marhold¹,

Šlenker²,

Kudoh³

et al. 2016

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The nomenclature of Eastern Asian populations traditionally assigned to Cardamine flexuosa has remained unresolved since 2006, when they were found to be distinct from the European species Cardamine flexuosa. Apart from the informal designation “Asian Cardamine flexuosa”, this taxon has also been reported under the names Cardamine flexuosa subsp. debilis or Cardamine hamiltonii. Here we determine its correct species name to be Cardamine occulta and present a nomenclatural survey of all relevant species names. A lectotype and epitype for Cardamine occulta and a neotype for the illegitimate name Cardamine debilis (replaced by Cardamine flexuosa subsp. debilis and Cardamine hamiltonii) are designated here. Cardamine occulta is a polyploid weed that most likely originated in Eastern Asia, but it has also been introduced to other continents, including Europe. Here data is presented on the first records of this invasive species in European countries. The first known record for Europe was made in Spain in 1993, and since then its occurrence has been reported from a number of European countries and regions as growing in irrigated anthropogenic habitats, such as paddy fields or flower beds, and exceptionally also in natural communities such as lake shores.

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“…Flexuous bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa With. ), one of the most common weeds in container nurseries in the United States (Post et al 2011), has been reported to have populations in European nurseries that are resistant to isoxaben (Eelen and Bulcke 1997). Continuous reliance on the PPO inhibitor herbicides oxyfluorfen, flumioxazin, and oxadiazon for bittercress control also establishes the potential for resistance development.…”

Section: Herbicide Resistance In Container-nursery Production: Potentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide resistance in the nursery crop production and landscape maintenance industries

2020

Self Cite

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Weed management is an important issue for nursery crop and Christmas tree producers, as well as for those maintaining turfgrass or ornamental species in landscape plantings. PRE and POST herbicides are important weed management tools for these industries. Reports of herbicide-resistant weeds increased from fewer than 100 cases in 1985 to nearly 500 cases globally in 2019, including ones found in turfgrass or ornamental systems. The evolution, persistence, and management of herbicide-resistant weeds are an ongoing educational process. We must keep our stakeholders aware of improved weed control technology and provide them information on resistant weeds. A symposium at the 2019 Weed Science Society of America meeting was conducted with presentations and discussions by invited speakers in relation to current research and potential management strategies for resistant weeds in turfgrass, landscape ornamental, and nursery crops. To prepare for the symposium, a survey was prepared for nursery producers and landscapers on the issues of herbicide-resistant weeds and offsite movement of herbicides used to control herbicide-resistant weeds. Overall, most respondents felt herbicide-resistant weeds are a serious problem and most had personally observed herbicide resistance on properties they maintain. Resistance to glyphosate was the herbicide cited by most respondents, followed by resistance to triazine herbicides. Most felt their weed-control costs had increased because of resistant weeds. Approximately 20% of respondents had their operation affected by drift of herbicides from nearby farm fields, with most reporting no damage from spray or vapor drift, but a few reported greater than 50% of the crop damaged.

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On the Identity of the Weedy Bittercresses (Cardamine : Brassicaceae) in United States Nurseries: Evidence from Molecules and Morphology

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Fine‐scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species

Fine‐scale empirical data on niche divergence and homeolog expression patterns in an allopolyploid and its diploid progenitor species

Cardamine occulta, the correct species name for invasive Asian plants previously classified as C. flexuosa, and its occurrence in Europe

Herbicide resistance in the nursery crop production and landscape maintenance industries

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