On the Interaction between a Nanoparticulate System and the Human Body in Body Area Nanonetworks

Loscrì, Valeria; Vegni, Anna Maria; Fortino, Giancarlo

doi:10.3390/mi6091213

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Both terahertz and molecular diffusion based communication in the context of body-centric nanonetworks [44], [56]- [58] are covered in [59], whereby Sec. VI-B.5 in [59] gives a brief two-paragraph selective overview of channel coding techniques for DBMC.…”

Section: B Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding in Diffusion-Based Molecular Nanonetworks: A Comprehensive Survey

et al. 2023

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Diffusion-based molecular nanonetworks exploit the diffusion of molecules, e.g., in free space or in blood vessels, for the purpose of communication. This article comprehensively surveys coding approaches for communication in diffusion-based molecular nanonetworks. In particular, all three main purposes of coding for communication, namely source coding, channel coding, and network coding, are covered. We organize the survey of the channel coding approaches according to the different channel codes, including linear block codes, convolutional codes, and inter-symbol interference (ISI) mitigation codes. The network coding studies are categorized into duplex network coding, physical-layer network coding, multi-hop nanonetwork coding, performance improvements of network-coded nanosystems, and network coding in mobile nanonetworks. We also present a comprehensive set of future research directions for the still nascent area of coding for diffusion-based molecular nanonetworks; specifically, we outline research imperatives for each of the three main coding purposes, i.e., for source, channel, and network coding, as well as for overarching research goals.

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Section: B Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding in Diffusion-Based Molecular Nanonetworks: A Comprehensive Survey

et al. 2023

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“…In molecular communication systems embedded in a biological environment, there may be interactions between information-carrying molecules and external biological organisms or competition for genetic resources in the process of encoding or decoding information. This problem, addressed in [91,92,25,93,94,95] and often called coexistence, must account for the stochasticity due to small numbers of information carrying molecules or, for example, limited ribosomes during DNA translation [94]. As such, stochastic reactiondiffusion systems can play an important role.…”

Section: Stochastic Biological Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic reaction and diffusion systems in molecular communications: Recent results and open problems

Egan¹,

Akdeniz²,

Tang³

2022

Digital Signal Processing

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Chemical reactions and diffusion are two basic mechanisms governing the dynamics of molecules in a fluid.As such, they play a critical role in molecular communication for channel modeling, design of detection rules, implementation of molecular circuits for computation, and modeling interactions with external biochemical systems. For finite numbers of information-carrying molecules, stochastic models naturally arise with the simplest example given by the Wiener process, often known as Brownian motion. Nevertheless, the Wiener process fails to be accurate when external forces, friction, and chemical reactions are present. Recently, there have been several contributions that tailor molecular communication systems to these more challenging channel conditions. In this paper, we first overview a general family of stochastic models of reaction and diffusion systems, including both Langevin diffusion and the reaction-diffusion master equation. These models form a basis for the use of these models as molecular communication channels, from which modulation and detection schemes can be developed. We survey recent results on the design of these schemes, with a focus on a recently developed approach which is robust to a wide range of channel models, known as equilibrium signaling. We then turn to the implementation of these detection schemes and related parameter estimation problems via stochastic molecular circuits, based on stochastic chemical reaction networks. Finally, interactions between molecular communication systems and stochastic biological systems as well as open problems are discussed.Our overarching goal is to highlight how the consideration of general stochastic models of reaction and diffusion can be utilized in order to widen the application of molecular communications both within engineered systems, and also as motivation for advances in the mathematical characterization of these models.

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“…As known, the reaction of the human immune system to the presence of nanoparticles can cause nanoparticle loss and errors in the diffusion and reception processes, respectively. A detailed study on nanoparticle loss in a nanoparticulate system is investigated in [32].…”

Section: B Nanoparticle Diffusion Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Body Network Biomedical Applications: From Modeling to Experimentation

Loscrì

Matekovits

Peter

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans.on Nanobioscience

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Innovative diagnostic approaches and therapies are more and more based on the use of injections or oral delivery of nanoparticle sized substances. For a better understanding of the overall phenomena, aiming to facilitate a safe application at large scale, the development of accurate models and analysis techniques are required. These techniques take into consideration different aspects of the overall process: accurate numerical modeling of the different phases of the nanoparticles in the body, and knowledge of the local environment, that can be varying very fast within a short-range in the body itself. Such aspects should be taken into account to correctly predict the amount of drug and its timely release for the specific disease. Deep and accurate analysis of the interaction between the nanoparticles and the biological fluid where the nanoparticles are immersed is mandatory for an efficient correlation of all these aspects. Because of their biocompatibility, in this paper, we focus our attention on systems of Titanium (Ti), and its oxide (e.g., TiO2), given their specific features in terms of density, lack of cytotoxic effects, etc. Specifically, we present the study and design of an in-body system by characterizing each of the emission, diffusion, and reception processes with a proper realistic model. The theoretical investigation is further supported by experimental study of the morphology and other important characteristics (e.g., the pH of the particles, and thermal stability) of TiO2 systems when immersed in a Ringer solution, in order to derive important information related to their potential toxicity inside the human body.

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On the Interaction between a Nanoparticulate System and the Human Body in Body Area Nanonetworks

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Coding in Diffusion-Based Molecular Nanonetworks: A Comprehensive Survey

Coding in Diffusion-Based Molecular Nanonetworks: A Comprehensive Survey

Stochastic reaction and diffusion systems in molecular communications: Recent results and open problems

In-Body Network Biomedical Applications: From Modeling to Experimentation

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