On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip fault zones: field observations of the Carboneras fault in southeastern Spain

Faulkner, D. R.; Lewis, Alastair C.; Rutter, E. H.

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(03)00134-3

Cited by 478 publications

(365 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…layers isolating lenses of fractured rocks within a broad damage zone, as in the Carboneras 524 fault (Spain) described by Faulkner et al (2003). 525…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methods 428mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic evolution of the Ganos segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NW Turkey)

Janssen

Bohnhoff

Vapnik

et al. 2009

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…layers isolating lenses of fractured rocks within a broad damage zone, as in the Carboneras 524 fault (Spain) described by Faulkner et al (2003). 525…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methods 428mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic evolution of the Ganos segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NW Turkey)

Janssen

Bohnhoff

Vapnik

et al. 2009

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…The distribution of fault rocks has significant impact on the mechanical and hydrologic behaviour of faults (Evans and Chester, 1995;Evans, 1998, 2000). Therefore, characterization of the internal structure of exhumed fault zones is important for understanding their mechanical, hydraulic and seismic behaviour (Conti et al, 2001;Faulkner et al, 2003;Wibberley and Shimamoto, 2003). In particular, the analysis of deformation mechanisms and healing processes (cementation and compaction) provide information about temporal and spatial changes in the strength of faults (Sleep and Blanpied, 1992;Schulz and Evans, 1998;Janssen et al, 1998;Muchez and Sintubin, 1998;Lin et al, 2001;Sausse et al, 2001).…”

Section: Fault Architecture and Fault Zone Charactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Janssen¹,

Hoffmann‐Rothe²,

Bohnhoff³

et al. 2007

Journal of Geodynamics

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We compare fault-related deformation of three segments of the major transform plate boundary between Africa and the Arabian plate, the Dead Sea Transform (DST), namely: the Arava/Araba fault (Jordan/Israel), the Serghaya fault and the Ghab fault (both Syria). These segments show both similarities and marked differences in faulting deformation and fluid-rock interactions. In the case of the Arava fault, fault damage occurs across a zone up to 300 m wide. A fault core/gouge zone is not exhibited.Along the Serghaya fault, the typical fault zone architecture with a main gouge zone and a damage zone of up to 100 m thickness is exposed. Effects of faulting in the Ghab segment are shown by subsidiary faults and the formation of fault breccias. As in the Arava fault segment, a fault core is not exposed. were active along Serghaya fault and Ghab fault, where fault rock cementation led to * Corresponding author. Fax: +49-331-288-1328, E-mail address: jans@gfz-potsdam.de 2 porosity reduction and lower permeability. Such low permeability could create domains of higher pore fluid pressure, which reduce the effective shear stress required for slip on the fault. These differences in fluid-rock interactions may have played an important role with respect to the occurrence of earthquakes. We suggest that the recurrence interval on a fault segment that recovers after an earthquake without fluid assisted healing (e.g. Arava fault) should be longer than on segments with strong fluidassisted healing (cementation; e.g. Serghaya fault, Ghab fault), given that the regional stress field is the same.

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“…Foliation or aligned minerals can also contribute to anisotropy within a region [Aster and Shearer, 1992 We use laboratory measurements on the Carboneras fault zone, a major regional strike-slip fault in SE Spain, to consider the potential effect of anisotropy on seismic imaging. The onshore portion of the fault zone has been mapped extensively [Faulkner et al, 2003;Rutter et al, 2012]. The region is experiencing active uplift; the fault has been exhumed from depth of 1.5-4 km during the past 10 Ma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region is experiencing active uplift; the fault has been exhumed from depth of 1.5-4 km during the past 10 Ma. The climate is now semiarid, and as a result, the fault is well exposed and the fault rocks are extremely well preserved [Faulkner et al, 2003]. The fault rocks exposed at the surface today are primarily derived from the metamorphic basement, dominated by mica-schist of the Nevado Filabride complex which becomes the primary protolith at depth [Faulkner et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismically invisible fault zones: Laboratory insights into imaging faults in anisotropic rocks

Kelly

Faulkner

Rietbrock

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Phyllosilicate‐rich rocks which commonly occur within fault zones cause seismic velocity anisotropy. However, anisotropy is not always taken into account in seismic imaging and the extent of the anisotropy is often unknown. Laboratory measurements of the velocity anisotropy of fault zone rocks and gouge from the Carboneras fault zone in SE Spain indicate 10–15% velocity anisotropy in the gouge and 35–50% anisotropy in the mica‐schist protolith. Greater differences in velocity are observed between the fast and slow directions in the mica‐schist rock than between the gouge and the slow direction of the rock. This implies that the orientation of the anisotropy with respect to the fault is key in imaging the fault seismically. For example, for fault‐parallel anisotropy, a significantly greater velocity contrast between fault gouge and rock will occur along the fault than across it, highlighting the importance of considering the foliation orientation in design of seismic experiments.

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On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip fault zones: field observations of the Carboneras fault in southeastern Spain

Cited by 478 publications

References 46 publications

Tectonic evolution of the Ganos segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NW Turkey)

Tectonic evolution of the Ganos segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NW Turkey)

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Seismically invisible fault zones: Laboratory insights into imaging faults in anisotropic rocks

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