On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure

Haxel, O.; Jensen, J. Hans D.; Sueß, Hans E.

doi:10.1103/physrev.75.1766.2

Cited by 901 publications

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“…They allow us to follow nuclear isomerism throughout a full major neutron shell from 98 Cd 50 to 130 Cd 82 and reveal, in comparison with 76 Ni 48 one major proton shell below, an apparently abnormal scaling of nuclear two-body interactions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.132501 PACS numbers: 21.60.Cs, 23.20.Lv, 26.30.+k, 27.60.+j The pioneering work of Goeppert-Mayer [1] and Haxel, Jensen, and Suess [2] in realizing that the experimental evidence for nuclear magic numbers could be explained by assuming a strong spin-orbit interaction constituted a major milestone in our understanding of the internal structure of the atomic nucleus. However, it has been recognized for more than 20 years that the single-particle ordering which underlies the shell structure (and with it the magic numbers) may change for nuclei approaching the neutron dripline.…”

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“…The pioneering work of Goeppert-Mayer [1] and Haxel, Jensen, and Suess [2] in realizing that the experimental evidence for nuclear magic numbers could be explained by assuming a strong spin-orbit interaction constituted a major milestone in our understanding of the internal structure of the atomic nucleus. However, it has been recognized for more than 20 years that the single-particle ordering which underlies the shell structure (and with it the magic numbers) may change for nuclei approaching the neutron dripline.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Observation of Isomeric Decays in ther-Process Waiting-Point NucleusCd82130

Jungclaus¹,

Cáceres²,

Górska³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

148

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The decay of excited states in the waiting-point nucleus 130 Cd 82 has been observed for the first time. An 8 two-quasiparticle isomer has been populated both in the fragmentation of a 136 Xe beam as well as in projectile fission of 238 U, making 130 Cd the most neutron-rich N 82 isotone for which information about excited states is available. The results, interpreted using state-of-the-art nuclear shell-model calculations, show no evidence of an N 82 shell quenching at Z 48. They allow us to follow nuclear isomerism throughout a full major neutron shell from 98 Cd 50 to 130 Cd 82 and reveal, in comparison with 76 Ni 48 one major proton shell below, an apparently abnormal scaling of nuclear two-body interactions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.132501 PACS numbers: 21.60.Cs, 23.20.Lv, 26.30.+k, 27.60.+j The pioneering work of Goeppert-Mayer [1] and Haxel, Jensen, and Suess [2] in realizing that the experimental evidence for nuclear magic numbers could be explained by assuming a strong spin-orbit interaction constituted a major milestone in our understanding of the internal structure of the atomic nucleus. However, it has been recognized for more than 20 years that the single-particle ordering which underlies the shell structure (and with it the magic numbers) may change for nuclei approaching the neutron dripline. It has been argued that the neutron excess causes the central potential to become diffuse, leading to a modification of the single-particle spectrum of neutron-dripline nuclei [3,4]. In addition, a strong interaction between the energetically bound orbitals and the continuum also affects the level ordering. The consequence of these modifications can be a shell quenching; i.e., the shell gaps at magic neutron numbers are less pronounced in very neutronrich nuclei than in nuclei closer to stability. At the extreme, these gaps may even disappear. Alternatively, the tensor part of the nuclear force has been shown to cause shell reordering for very asymmetric proton and neutron numbers [5,6].The N 82 isotones below the doubly magic nucleus 132 Sn are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis due to the close relation between the N 82 shell closure and the A 130 peak of the solar r-process abundance distribution. Based on the mass models available at that time, it was shown in the 1990s that the assumption of a quenching of the N 82 neutron shell closure leads to a considerable improvement in the global abundance fit in r-process calculations [7,8], in particular, a filling of the troughs around A 120 and 140. On the other hand, recently, alternative descriptions of the phenomenon have been given without invoking shell quenching at all [9,10]. Unfortunately, the very PRL 99,

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Observation of Isomeric Decays in ther-Process Waiting-Point NucleusCd82130

Jungclaus¹,

Cáceres²,

Górska³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. Lett.

148

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“…In 1949 Maria Goeppert-Mayer and Hans Jensen proposed that nucleon forces should include a spin-orbit interaction able to reproduce the nuclear magic numbers 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126, clearly visible from the systematic study of nuclear masses [1,2]. Now we know that as nuclei move away from the line of stability (Z ∼ N ), where Z (N ) is the proton (neutron) number) those magic numbers might change due to correlations and details of the nucleonnucleon interaction, e.g., the tensor-force [248][249][250][251][252][253][254].…”

Section: B New Magic Numbers Clusters Majorana Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Nuclear Physics Research

Bertulani

Hussein

2015

Braz J Phys

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In this review we discuss the current status of research in nuclear physics which is being carried out in different centers in the World. For this purpose we supply a short account of the development in the area which evolved over the last 9 decades, since the discovery of the neutron. The evolution of the physics of the atomic nucleus went through many stages as more data become available. We briefly discuss models introduced to discern the physics behind the experimental discoveries, such as the shell model, the collective model, the statistical model, the interacting boson model, etc., some of these models may be seemingly in conflict with each other, but this was shown to be only apparent.The richness of the ideas and abundance of theoretical models attests to the important fact that the nucleus is a really singular system in the sense that it evolves from two-body bound states such as the deuteron, to few-body bound states, such as 4 He, 7 Li, 9 Be etc. and up the ladder to heavier bound nuclei containing up to more than 200 nucleons. Clearly statistical mechanics, usually employed in systems with very large number of particles, would seemingly not work for such finite systems as the nuclei, neither do other theories which are applicable to condensed matter. The richness of nuclear physics stems from these restrictions. New theories and models are presently being developed. Theories of the structure and reactions of neutron-rich and proton-rich nuclei, called exotic nuclei, halo nuclei, or Borromean nuclei, deal with the wealth of experimental data that became available in the last 35 years. Further, nuclear astrophysics and stellar and Big Bang nucleosynthesis have become a more mature subject. Due to limited space, this review only covers a few selected topics, mainly those with which the authors have worked on. Our aimed potential readers of this review are nuclear physicists and physicists in other areas, as well as graduate students interested in pursuing a career in nuclear physics.

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“…Consequently, the relativistic approach explains, at the same time, the depth of the average potential (around 50 MeV), the magnitude of the spin-orbit term, and the small pseudo-spin-orbit splitting. In this context, it should be noted that the traditional picture of nuclear shells and magic gaps proposed fty y ears ago 73,74] should not be taken for granted. As discussed in Sec.…”

Section: The Territorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The nuclear collective motion

Nazarewicz

2001

An Advanced Course in Modern Nuclear Physics

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Abstract. Current d e v elopments in nuclear structure are discussed from a theoretical perspective. First, the progress in theoretical modeling of nuclei is reviewed. This is followed by the discussion of nuclear time scales, nuclear collective modes, and nuclear deformations. Some perspectives on nuclear structure research far from stability a r e given. Finally, i n terdisciplinary aspects of the nuclear many-body problem are outlined.

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On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure

Cited by 901 publications

References 1 publication

Observation of Isomeric Decays in ther-Process Waiting-Point NucleusCd82130

Observation of Isomeric Decays in ther-Process Waiting-Point NucleusCd82130

Current Status of Nuclear Physics Research

The nuclear collective motion

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