On the mechanism of background silver staining during sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Patras, Georgia; Qiao, Greg G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990701)20:10<2039::aid-elps2039>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We have previously reported that an increased potential functionality of a cross-linker promotes networks with bigger pores. 32 This is also observed by SEM experiments (Figure 3, comparing Bis to 1). The phase separation experienced by 1 cross-linked gels 31 and the added functionality effect on the heterogeneity of the network 32 may contribute to the reduced reactivity effect observed between the two gel networks with 1 and 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Controlled Formation of Microheterogeneous Polymer Networks: Influence of Monomer Reactivity on Gel Structure

Patras

Qiao

2001

Macromolecules

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The mechanistic pathway taken in constructing a three-dimensional polymer network was greatly influenced by the reactivity and the functionality of the monomers and cross-linkers used. An increase in the cross-linker reactivity and functionality were found to promote properties in the polymer network that are consistent with a microgel type polymer structure. The microstructure of polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels synthesized from acrylamide (AAm) with a variety of cross-linkers was investigated using temperature profiles and polymerization rates, electrophoresis, scanning electron microscopy, and clarity tests. It was discovered that the heterogeneity of these polymers is largely due to the increased reactivity of the cross-linkers and ultimately responsible for improved properties of PAAm gels such as optical clarity and enhancement of electrophoretic separation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Controlled Formation of Microheterogeneous Polymer Networks: Influence of Monomer Reactivity on Gel Structure

Patras

Qiao

2001

Macromolecules

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“…Meanwhile, the higher characteristic signal intensities of the DMPO-OH adduct and DMPO-SO 4 adduct in KPS–PEI NPs + DMPO are higher than that of K 2 S 2 O 8 + DMPO, suggesting that more SO 4 · – and OH · are trapped in KPS–PEI NPs. Inspired by the use of N , N , N ′, N ′-tetramethylethylenediamine to catalyze the generation of free radicals from persulfate in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, , we proposed the reaction mechanism of PEI NPs and S 2 O 8 2– (Scheme S4). KPS–PEI NPs, rich in ethylenediamine structural units, could effectively promote the generation of SO 4 · – not only through electrocatalysis (eq ) but also via chemical reactions (eq ), so it is an excellent coreaction accelerator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster-Dominated Electrochemiluminescence of Tertiary Amines in Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles: Mechanism Insights and Sensing Application

Gui

Song

et al. 2022

Anal. Chem.

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Designing and screening highly efficient and cost-effective luminophores have always been a challenge to develop sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors. Herein, polyethyleneimine nanoparticles (PEI NPs), a kind of nonconjugated polymer (NCP) NPs with tertiary amine clusters, were developed as an ECL luminophore. Specifically, PEI NPs were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using PEI and formaldehyde. The properties of PEI NPs were investigated in detail using photochemical and electrochemical techniques. The results showed cluster-dominated luminescence of tertiary amines in PEI NPs via “through-space conjugation”. This non-negligible ECL performance (at 631 nm) was also verified by the initiated reduction–oxidation process. With persulfate as a coreactant, PEI NPs acted as both the luminophore and coreaction accelerator to enhance the ECL intensity remarkably, which was eightfold higher than that of isolated PEI. Moreover, choosing dopamine as the model target, a highly sensitive “signal off” ternary ECL sensor was constructed utilizing PEI NPs as the luminophore. Dopamine could be oxidized to benzoquinone at the sensing interface, quenching the signal via ECL energy transfer. Free from any signal amplification, the proposed sensor achieved a low detection limit (4.3 nM) for target monitoring with good selectivity and stability. This strategy not only provides a unique perspective for designing novel efficient and facile ECL luminophores of tertiary amines but also broadens the biological application of NCP NPs.

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“…To synthesize hydrogels of pNIPAM-chitosan copolymer, different components, including chitosan, NIPAM and MBA were dissolved in 1% (w/v) acetic acid. Addition of the radical initiator, APS, was followed by incorporation of TEMED, resulting in decomposition of APS through a redox reaction [33], making radicals available for the initiation of the polymerization. Following addition of TEMED, and due to the presence of MBA, the hydrogel backbone rapidly started to form, as demonstrated in Scheme 1.…”

Section: Sol-gel Synthesis Of Pnipam-chitosan Copolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of 3D Printed pNIPAM-Chitosan Scaffolds for Dentoalveolar Tissue Engineering

Salar Amoli,

Anand,

EzEldeen

et al. 2024

Gels

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While available treatments have addressed a variety of complications in the dentoalveolar region, associated challenges have resulted in exploration of tissue engineering techniques. Often, scaffold biomaterials with specific properties are required for such strategies to be successful, development of which is an active area of research. This study focuses on the development of a copolymer of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and chitosan, used for 3D printing of scaffolds for dentoalveolar regeneration. The synthesized material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the possibility of printing was evaluated through various printability tests. The rate of degradation and swelling was analyzed through gravimetry, and surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Viability of dental pulp stem cells seeded on the scaffolds was evaluated by live/dead analysis and DNA quantification. The results demonstrated successful copolymerization, and three formulations among various synthesized formulations were successfully 3D printed. Up to 35% degradability was confirmed within 7 days, and a maximum swelling of approximately 1200% was achieved. Furthermore, initial assessment of cell viability demonstrated biocompatibility of the developed scaffolds. While further studies are required to achieve the tissue engineering goals, the present results tend to indicate that the proposed hydrogel might be a valid candidate for scaffold fabrication serving dentoalveolar tissue engineering through 3D printing.

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On the mechanism of background silver staining during sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Controlled Formation of Microheterogeneous Polymer Networks: Influence of Monomer Reactivity on Gel Structure

Controlled Formation of Microheterogeneous Polymer Networks: Influence of Monomer Reactivity on Gel Structure

Cluster-Dominated Electrochemiluminescence of Tertiary Amines in Polyethyleneimine Nanoparticles: Mechanism Insights and Sensing Application

Development of 3D Printed pNIPAM-Chitosan Scaffolds for Dentoalveolar Tissue Engineering

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