On the mechanism of production of the heart sounds

Luisada, Aldo A.; Liu, C.K.; Aravanis, Christ; Testelli, Mario R.; Morris, J. J.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(58)90054-1

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The vibrations are triggered by abrupt hemodynamic changes of blood [1][2][3][4][5]. The first component of S1 follows the onset of the left ventricular pressure rise and closure of the mitral valve, which coincides with the rapid rise of the first derivative of the left ventricle (LV) pressure.…”

Section: Hemodynamic Changes Induced By Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first component of S2 represents the closing of the aortic valve. The second component coincides with pulmonary closure [2,[4][5][6]. The mechanism of heart sound generation implies that the complex hemodynamic interplay between the pressure gradients in the atria, ventricles, and arteries affects the morphology of the produced heart sounds in terms of the timing, intensity, delay, and splitting.…”

Section: Hemodynamic Changes Induced By Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of heart sound morphology and analysis of the morphological variations induced by respiration

Tang¹,

Gao²,

Ruan³

et al. 2013

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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Section: Hemodynamic Changes Induced By Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hemodynamic Changes Induced By Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of heart sound morphology and analysis of the morphological variations induced by respiration

Tang¹,

Gao²,

Ruan³

et al. 2013

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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“…Normal heart sounds in a cardiac cycle, in general, consist of the first heart sounds (S1) and the second heart sounds (S2). Previous studies [1,2] disclosed that the components of S1 followed the onset of the left ventricular pressure rise and closure of the mitral, tricuspid valve. Hence, S1 is considered as the sum of two components called mitral and tricuspid component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Aortic and Pulmonary Components from the Second Heart Sound Using Respiratory Modulation and Measurement of Respiratory Split

Tang

Chen

2017

Applied Sciences

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Featured Application: This work proposes a method to measure the respiratory split in a quantitative way. Based on the assumption model, the aortic component can be extracted by average and the pulmonary component can be estimated by subtracting. The calculation of the split is performed by timing difference of the two components. The method can track the respiratory split and has applications in monitoring heart response to respiration. Abstract:The second heart sound consists of aortic and pulmonary components. Analysis on the changes of the second heart sound waveform in respiration shows that the aortic component has little variation and the delay of the pulmonary component is modulated by respiration. This paper proposes a novel model to discriminate the aortic and pulmonary components using respiratory modulation. It is found that the aortic component could be simply extracted by averaging the second heart sounds over respiratory phase, and the pulmonary component could be extracted by subtraction. Hence, the split is measured by the timing difference of the two components. To validate the measurement, the method is applied to simulated second heart sounds with known varying splits. The simulation results show that the aortic and pulmonary components can be successfully extracted and the measured splits are close to the predefined splits. The method is further evaluated by data collected from 12 healthy subjects. Experimental results show that the respiratory split can be accurately measured. The minimum split generally occurs at the end of expiration and the split value is about 20 ms. Meanwhile, the maximum split is about 50 ms at the end of inspiration. Both the trend of split varying with respect to respiratory phase and the numerical range of split varying are comparable to the results disclosed by previous physiologists. The proposed method is compared to the two previous well known methods. The most attractive advantage of the proposed method is much less complexity. This method has potential applications in monitoring heart hemodynamic response to respiration.

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“…The correction is carried out according to the regression equations which we have developed (30,40). Individual cardiac coefficients are also calculated from corrected values of individual phases.…”

Section: The Sequence Of Events In Cardiac Contraction In Normal Indimentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Value of the Polygraphic Tracing in the Study of the Sequence of Events During Cardiac Contraction

Jezek¹

1963

Cardiology

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On the mechanism of production of the heart sounds

Cited by 49 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling of heart sound morphology and analysis of the morphological variations induced by respiration

Modeling of heart sound morphology and analysis of the morphological variations induced by respiration

Discrimination of Aortic and Pulmonary Components from the Second Heart Sound Using Respiratory Modulation and Measurement of Respiratory Split

Clinical Value of the Polygraphic Tracing in the Study of the Sequence of Events During Cardiac Contraction

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