On the Mechanism of the Persistence of Lymphocytic Chorio-meningitis Virus in the Continuous Cell Line Detroit-6

Abstract

A persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, noninfectious for mice, was revealed in the continuous human cell line, Detroit-6. The virus was detected in the cell monolayer by an indirect immunofluorescence test and in the cell homogenate by a complement-fixation test. Between 30 and 80% of the cells produced viral antigen in subsequent passages of the culture. Thymidine analogues (BrDU and IDU) stimulated the synthesis of antigen. DNA of the persistently infected cell line was transfected to the mouse lymphoid cell line, Lmo, which became persistently infected with the virus.

Taming of the shrewd: novel eukaryotic genes from RNA viruses

“…The idea that reverse transcriptase (RT) present in eukaryotic cells could produce NIRV was first championed by Zhdanov soon after RT was discovered [5], followed by reports on integrated copies of several, diverse single-stranded RNA viruses [6,7]. However, these reports were not independently confirmed [8], with one notable exception where integrated virus-specific sequences were discovered in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), leading to the intriguing hypothesis that the integrated copies might contributed to the lifelong immunity of the survivor animals [9].…”

Origin and Replication of Defective Interfering Particles

“…Before discussing specific models for the generations ofDI RNAs, it is important to consider frrst whether such recombination events could possibly occur at the DNA level. One laboratory in particular has published a number of reports claiming that several negative-strand RNA viruses, including measles, VSV, simian virus 5, LCM, and possibly influenza, as well as two positive-strand togaviruses, SVand tick-borne encephalitis, can integrate DNA copies of their genome into various host cells (Zhdanovand Parvanovich 1974;Zhdanov 1975;Gaidamovich et al 1978). The evidence for this claim is based mostly on DNA transfection experiments (giving rise to recoverable infectious virus) and detection of cellular DNA copies of the virus genome with labeled nucleic acid probes.…”

Sequences of flavivirus-related RNA viruses persist in DNA form integrated in the genome of Aedes spp. mosquitoes

“…As originally suggested (Zhdanov, 1975), one theoretical process could allow such capture based on an intracellular reverse transcriptase activity capable of copying viral RNA into a DNA form prior to integration into the host genome. Zhdanov and collaborators reported the presence, in infected cells, of DNA forms of numerous RNA viruses such as Tick-borne encephalitis virus (family Flaviviridae; Drynov et al, 1981), Measles virus (family Paramyxoviridae; Zhdanov & Parfanovich, 1974), Sindbis virus (family Togaviridae; Zhdanov & Azadova, 1976) and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV, family Arenaviridae; Gaidamovich et al, 1978). These findings could not be confirmed by other groups except in one case: Klenerman et al (1997) described the presence of LCMV sequences present as DNA in mice over 200 days after infection.…”