Copolymers of polyguanidines with various lengths of hydrocarbon radicals were obtained by polycondensation. The biocidal action of water-soluble, guanidine-containing copolymers on the pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus by the method of agar diffusion was evaluated. The results indicate that the ratio of hydrophobic methylene groups to ionogen guanidine groups influenced the copolymer biocidal action.