On the Natural Domain of Grammar

Sanders, Gerald A.

doi:10.1515/ling.1970.8.63.51

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Although linguists in Europe did include what later came to be known as information structure and thematization within linguistics structure, and Pike (1954) characterized discourse as verbal behavior and attempted to integrate language and behavior, it is only recently that linguistics as a discipline has begun to look at units larger than the sentence to account for linguistic data. Recent studies of this nature include, among others, Dik (1968), Givon (1979), Grimes (1975), Chafe (1970), Sanders (1970), Fillmore (1970), van Dijk (1977, de Beaugrande (1980), and papers in volumes such as Freedle (1979), and Tannen (1982a;1982b;1982c).…”

Section: Linguistics and Discourse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

English and Hindi

Kachru¹

1982

Ann Rev Appl Ling

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This study provides a fragment of a contrastive analysis of written texts from Hindi and English. Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language used in South Asia in several varieties by approximately three hundred million people. It is one of the four major world language in terms of number of speakers. In this study, I present a number of sample texts from Hindi, both of the narrative and the expository kind, and discuss them in the theoretical frameworks of contemporary discourse analysis.

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Section: Linguistics and Discourse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

English and Hindi

Kachru¹

1982

Ann Rev Appl Ling

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“…Subsequently, Sanders and co-workers (Sanders 1970;Sanders et al 1975Sanders et al ,1980 showed that improved skill in track forecasts could be achieved in general by applying the barotropic vorticity equation to a pressure-weighted vertical average of the tropospheric winds, in conjunction with an initial analysis based directly on the observed winds. These investigations concentrated mainly on the operational applications and especially on the problems of constructing an adequate initial analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study of tropical cyclone motion using a barotropic model. I: The role of vortex asymmetries

Smith¹,

Ulrich²,

Dietachmayer

1990

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Sr I MMAKYThe motion of an initially symmetric vortex on a beta plane and the motion of initially asymmetric vortices o n f a n d beta planes are studied using a nondivergent. barotropic model. It is assumed that there is no basic flow, the effects of a basic flow will be addressed in part 11. Parameter values such as vortex size and strength and computational domain size are chosen for their relevance to tropical cyclones. The simultaneous evolution of the asymmetric vorticity and streamfunction fields is investigated in terms of a partitioning of the flow introduced by Kasahara and Platzman in which all asymmetries are regarded as part of the vortex environment. It is shown that in this partitioning the asymmetric streamflow provides a 'steering current' for the vortex to a very close approximation.For early times, typically 24h for the parameters chosen, the development of the asymmetries in the vortices studied can be largely understood in terms of a simple analytical theory in which the vortex centre is fixed and the initial absolute vorticity distribution is rearranged by advection by the (initial) symmetric circulation. The shearing effect of this mechanism alone would appear to preclude the establishment of a true steady state in the flows considered.The numerical calculation for the initially symmetric vortex on a beta plane is used to assess averaging procedures for computing the environmental wind field of a tropical cyclone from observed wind data. The results show that the averaging regions that have been commonly employed in observational studies are too large to properly characterize the environmental flow at thc cyclone centre and they suggest caution in making inferences from these studies in relation to physical mechanisms such as beta drift.The calculations for initially asymmetric vortices on an fplane show that the effects of the asymmetry on motion depend strongly on the scale of the asymmetry compared with that of the vortex. When the scale of the asymmetry is relatively small, the asymmetry is rapidly degraded by tangential shear and its effect on motion is not sustained. In contrast, larger asymmetries have a more persistent effect on motion. When the motion takes place on a beta plane, asymmetries induced by the advection of planetary vorticity ultimately dominate those present initially and. irrespective of the scale of the initial asymmetry, the vortex track finally turns to the north-west as in the case of the initially symmetric vortex. Finally, as a case of extreme asymmetry we study the mutual interaction of a strong vortex and a weak one. The behaviour is similar to that just described, the weak vortex merging with the stronger one. The analytical theory also proves useful in understanding the evolution of initial vortex asymmetries.The interpretations of the calculations add insight into the dynamics of tropical cyclone motion, complementing the findings of recent studies by Chan and Williams and Fiorino and Elsberry.

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“…As was remarked above, S-grammars and T-grammars can be explicitly compared only if this last type is worked out in detail (and if both are formalized). Given the empirical facts and the theoretical assumptions mentioned in the previous paragraph, we may adopt the hypothesis of Sanders (1969) that S-grammars are not 'natural theories' of specific languages, because the infinite set of sentences is not a natural domain since it is included in the infinite set of the well-formed texts of a language. S-grammars thus satisfy the set of reducibility conditions with respect to T-grammars: all their interpreted elements, their axioms, and their rules are proper subsets of those of T-grammars.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for Text Grammars

Dijk¹

1973

Linguistics

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On the Natural Domain of Grammar

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

English and Hindi

English and Hindi

A numerical study of tropical cyclone motion using a barotropic model. I: The role of vortex asymmetries

Models for Text Grammars

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