On the occurrence of the North Sea drift (lower glacial), and certain other brick-earths, in Suffolk

Boswell, P. G. H.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(14)80048-5

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Whitaker and Dalton (1887) have shown that the same sequence occurs near Hoxne (expressed by them in terms of Wood's nomenclature), although Boswell (1914) has doubted the identity of North Sea Drift here. Whitaker and Dalton also described how the Hoxne Beds rest in hollows in the surface of the Lower Chalky Boulder Clay, but did not realize that a younger glacial deposit, the Upper Chalky, occurs over the Hoxne Beds, as was proved later (Reid Moir, 1919).…”

Section: Correlation Between Hoxne and Cortonmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The difficulty with Wood's classification is that he was committed to belief in only two glacial stages by his terms Lower, Middle, and Upper Glacial, if the '' Middle Glacial '' is considered as an interglacial stage. The first real advance was due to James Geikie's recognition (1877, p. 393) of four glaciations in Eastern England, but Geikie's classification was not used by Clement Reid (1880) At the beginning of the present century Harmer (1904) proposed certain definite names for the East Anglian boulder clays as, for example, North Sea Drift, which included the earlier " Norwich Brickearth ", " Cromer Till ", and " Contorted Drift ", and the term " North Sea Drift " was later accepted by Boswell (1914), and corresponds to some extent with Wood's term " Lower Glacial ". Then one of us (J. Reid Moir) (1920) proved that two " Chalky Boulder Clays " exist in the Ipswich district, and Boswell (1931) proposed the name Chalky-Jurassic Boulder Clay for the lower of these two, and Upper Chalky Boulder Clay for the upper.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On a New Palaeolithic Industry from the Norfolk Coast

Baden-Powell¹,

Moir²

1942

Geol. Mag.

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The Glacial deposits along the Norfolk and Suffolk coasts are important to geologists and archaeologists, as some of the formations here, even those which are later than the Cromer Forest Bed Series, are earlier than those of many other districts. Finds of Palaeolithic implements in this area have not so far been abundant, but an industry was recorded by us in 1938 (see Nature, 19th November, 1938, p. 912), and it is now possible to give greater details about its mode of occurrence. The geological dating of this industry will be discussed first, and the implements will then be considered from the archaeological point of view.

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Section: Correlation Between Hoxne and Cortonmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On a New Palaeolithic Industry from the Norfolk Coast

Baden-Powell¹,

Moir²

1942

Geol. Mag.

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“…I) and separately described and defined the overlying Contorted Drift. Boswell (1914Boswell ( , 1916 reviewed the stratigraphical position of the Norwich Brick-earth in relation to the coastal exposures and grouped the Cromer Till and Contorted Drift together within the North Sea Drift.…”

Section: Stratigraphy (A) Previous Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The sedimentation and geotechnical properties of the Cromer Till between Happisburgh and Cromer, Norfolk

Kazi¹,

Knill²

1969

QJEGH

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The cliff-section between Happisburgh and Weybourne, on the north Norfolk coast, provides one of the most representative exposures of glacial sediments in the British Isles and this sequence is now generally accepted as being the product of the Lowestoft Stage. The Cromer Till, as defined in the Geological Survey Memoir, forms the lowermost part of the glacial sequence and is composed of two tills separated by a layer of laminated silts and clays; these units may be termed as follows:Upper Cromer Till'] Laminated Beds ~-Cromer Till Lower Cromer Till J The Lower Cromer Till is a dense, stiff, fissured grey or dark grey sandy boulder clay which lies on the Cromer Forest Bed, the Leda Myalis Beds and the associated deposits. The Laminated Beds rest on the hummocky, locally faulted, surface of the till. At Happisburgh two divisions of laminated sediments have been recognized, the upper unit being finer-grained and having a more evenly-bedded structure. The Upper Cromer Till is a dense, fissured grey-blue sandy boulder clay containing a significant proportion of chalk pebbles.The sequence within the Cromer Till represents the three phases of an ice advance followed by retreat associated with the development of a glacial lake followed by a re-advance. The coarse-grained lower unit of the Laminated Beds at Happisburgh is not present at Cromer and this may reflect the early history of the glacial lake while ice was still present in the vicinity of Cromer. The upper unit of the Happisburgh sequence is coarser than that at Cromer and this condition is reflected by variations in liquid limit measured on scrape samples. A wide range of sedimentary structures, which have been formed by traction and fall-out processes associated with turbulent suspension, occur within the Laminated Beds. The associations of structures present are the product of specific bed forms and can be related to flow r~gimes. Many beds are the result of rapid deposition from turbidity currents.All the sediments studied have been heavily over-consolidated and are fissured to a greater or lesser degree. Disturbed, block and scrape samples were collected in the field and soil mechanics classification, strength and consolidation tests carried out. Particular attention has been given to different methods of assessment of the effects of pre-consolidation load and the variation in properties of the Laminated Beds with orientation. The influence of the pre-consolidation load has been examined by a field study of fissuring in the Laminated Beds based upon the dissection of excavated blocks, undrained and drained shearbox testing of samples taken from the Lower Cromer Till and consolidation testing of Q.

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“…1B). Blanketing the area and concealing the palaeovalley and its fill are highly calcareous tills known as Marly Drift or, where they are disturbed, as Contorted Drift (Lyell, 1863;Wood andHarmer, 1868, 1869;Wood, 1880;Reid, 1882;Woodward, 1884Woodward, , 1885Boswell, 1914Boswell, , 1935Straw, 1965;Banham et al, 1975;Perrin et al, 1979;Hoare and Gale, 1986;Ehlers et al, 1987Ehlers et al, , 1991Fish et al, 2000;Fish and Whiteman, 2001;Pawley et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Age and Origin of the Blakeney Esker of North Norfolk: Implications for the Glaciology of the Southern North Sea Basin

Gale

Hoare

2007

Glacial Sedimentary Processes and Products

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The age and origin of the Blakeney ridge of eastern England have been debated for over a century. The feature is shown to be an esker formed in the late stages locally of a glaciation of Middle Quaternary age. The weight of evidence indicates that the esker was associated with the ice that laid down the Marly Drift of central north Norfolk, although this cannot be demonstrated conclusively. The flows that formed the Blakeney esker were subglacial. They took place from northwest to southeast along the length of the ridge, with at least the final phase occurring under hydrostatic pressure. It is likely that the esker developed during a glacial stillstand and under steep hydraulic gradients close to the ice sheet terminus. Although the esker conduit appears to have functioned largely as a Röthlisberger channel, there is evidence of simultaneous incision of the glacial bed. A valley is cut into bedrock beneath the esker. The esker and the buried valley may form the distal components of one of the broadly north-south aligned subglacial valleys that were trenched across the southern North Sea Basin in Middle Quaternary times. The complex assemblage of proglacial glaciofluvial landforms found to the south of the esker may represent the products of transport along the subglacial valley. The ice lobe that occupied the southern North Sea Basin may have left similar buried valley-proglacial fan complexes elsewhere along the northern fringe of East Anglia.

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On the occurrence of the North Sea drift (lower glacial), and certain other brick-earths, in Suffolk

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

On a New Palaeolithic Industry from the Norfolk Coast

On a New Palaeolithic Industry from the Norfolk Coast

The sedimentation and geotechnical properties of the Cromer Till between Happisburgh and Cromer, Norfolk

The Age and Origin of the Blakeney Esker of North Norfolk: Implications for the Glaciology of the Southern North Sea Basin

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