On the quantification of solid phases in hydrated cement paste by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry

Holthausen, Robert Schulte; McDonald, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106095

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The amount of bound water obtained by proton NMR is slightly lower than the amount of chemically bound water obtained from heating. As pointed out in a previous study (Holthausen and McDonald 2020), the separation of protons in solids and protons in liquid seems to need further improvement. The sample equilibrated at 98% RH showed the highest amount of chemically bound water, because hydration proceeded during the RH equilibration.…”

Section: Solid Echo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thermoporometry and Proton NMR Measurement on Cement Paste Equilibrated at Different Relative Humidities

Kurumisawa

Jensen

2020

ACT

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In this study, thermoporometry by differential scanning calorimetry and proton NMR measurements of hardened cement paste equilibrated under different humidity conditions were carried out, and the results of both measurements were compared. The results reveal that thermoporometry by low temperature DSC measurement cannot detect the water present in samples equilibrated at low relative humidity. On the other hand, it is possible to detect a signal at low relative humidity by proton NMR measurement. It is clarified that water strongly bound to the surface, which cannot be detected by low temperature DSC, exists at a relative humidity of 33% or less. If it is relevant to detect tightly held water, such as water present in the fine gel pores, it is recommended to apply proton NMR measurements. This paper is an extended English version of the authors' previous work [Kurumisawa, K. and Jensen, O. M., (2020). "Measurement of cement paste at different humidities by thermoporometry and proton NMR."

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Section: Solid Echo Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thermoporometry and Proton NMR Measurement on Cement Paste Equilibrated at Different Relative Humidities

Kurumisawa

Jensen

2020

ACT

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“…• A 4 (cap): Water in larger capillary pores Crystalline-bound water such as in portlandite or Ettringite, though being partly visible in this measurement, 14 requires other NMR devices and measurement schemes to be quantified 21,22 and thus, is not directly assessed here. In the past years, a comprehensive approach was followed to transfer this existing knowledge gathered on enclosed 1 H NMR devices on white cement pastes to the use of regular concrete samples using single-sided 1 H NMR devices.…”

Section: H Nuclear Magnetic Resonancementioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the microstructural deterioration of concrete exposed to leaching in purified water

Holthausen¹,

Raupach

Merkel³

et al. 2022

Civil Engineering Design

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Concrete is considered to be durable in permanent contact with water, making it a preferred material for the construction of drinking water reservoirs. More severe conditions, however, such as contact with purified water lead to the leaching of calcium and the deterioration of concrete surfaces. Due to the diffusive nature, deterioration begins superficially and ingresses with time. Consequently, concrete surfaces are severely damaged and the rebar‐protective alkalinity can be lost. In this study, results from long‐term laboratory leaching experiments in purified water of differently prepared concrete surfaces relevant for drinking water reservoirs are reported. Samples are monitored by both conventional laboratory techniques and, for the first time, by single‐sided 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to gain knowledge on appearance and performance as well as the microstructural changes with sub‐millimeter depth resolution. Results give a deepened insight into the time‐ and depth‐depending material changes. Concrete with a lower w/c ratio, more durable cement, or a densified surface shows a slowed deterioration. The progressing leaching deterioration is described using a combined diffusion‐erosion model that allows a more direct comparison of results to other exposures.

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“…The total water signal (ASum) was comparatively constant for the first hours, as all reactions were countered by a corresponding reduction of previously unbound water (A4). After about two hours, the total water signal (Asum) started to drop, indicating the development of crystalline hydration products not similarly well detectable to this 1 H NMR technique, such as gibbsite [13]. Last, through two-dimensional T1-T2-measurements [14] as shown in Figure 1c, a further empirical attribution of the different signals was proposed: Ettringite and monosulfate/carbonate originate from crystalline signal (A1), a finer silicate-containing pore structure (A2) and a coarser aluminate rich pore structure (A3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A single‐sided ¹H NMR study of the self‐drying properties of a ternary self‐levelling underlayment

Holthausen,

Glawe,

Sieksmeier

et al. 2023

ce papers

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Self‐leveling underlayments (SLU) are used for smoothing and levelling sub‐floors before any flexible flooring is applied. Though being comparatively simple in its requirements, commercial SLUs have become one of the most complex cementitious mixtures in dry‐mortar technology. By using ternary binders, most SLUs are designed to be self‐drying, binding most of the mixing water in crystalline cementitious phases, allowing a fast work progress. In this study, the simultaneous hydration and drying of a commercial SLU are monitored with single‐sided 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This technique allows the quantification of chemically bound water and water in different pore environments with superior time and depth resolution. The technique is combined with conventional testing techniques enabling a more comprehensive view on the processes at hand. Results allow quantification of hydration and self‐drying, superimposed by physical drying effects over time. Additionally, the drying of a PVC adhesive through water absorption into a well‐dried SLU are visualized with this technique. The results are discussed in the context of moisture transport processes and floor‐laying readiness of the material.

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On the quantification of solid phases in hydrated cement paste by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Thermoporometry and Proton NMR Measurement on Cement Paste Equilibrated at Different Relative Humidities

Thermoporometry and Proton NMR Measurement on Cement Paste Equilibrated at Different Relative Humidities

Monitoring the microstructural deterioration of concrete exposed to leaching in purified water

A single‐sided ¹H NMR study of the self‐drying properties of a ternary self‐levelling underlayment

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On the quantification of solid phases in hydrated cement paste by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Thermoporometry and Proton NMR Measurement on Cement Paste Equilibrated at Different Relative Humidities

Thermoporometry and Proton NMR Measurement on Cement Paste Equilibrated at Different Relative Humidities

Monitoring the microstructural deterioration of concrete exposed to leaching in purified water

A single‐sided 1H NMR study of the self‐drying properties of a ternary self‐levelling underlayment

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Product

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A single‐sided ¹H NMR study of the self‐drying properties of a ternary self‐levelling underlayment