On the Reliability of Implicit and Explicit Memory Measures

Buchner, Axel; Wippich, Werner

doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0731

Cited by 150 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Thus, reliability can be taken as an additional feature that distinguishes an automatic from a controlled process, in which the former yields more reliable performance than the latter. For example, in assessing the reliability of memory measures, Buchner and Wippich (2000) argued that "a memory measure should be reliable to the degree to which the instructions and other characteristics of the task serve to limit the variability in the types of processes underlying task performance" (p. 248). The relative automaticity of the component cognitive processes would be one characteristic that should limit variability in task performance.…”

Section: Theoretical Utilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, its assessment is critical to research in many fields of psychology-for example, to studies of semantic processes in visual word recognition (Stolz, Besner, & Carr, 2005), of aging and memory (Buchner & Wippich, 2000;Salthouse & Siedlecki, 2005;Salthouse, Toth, Hancock, & Woodard, 1997), and of aging and cognitive performance (Madden, Pierce, & Allen, 1993). Determining the reliability of a cognitive process over time is thus part of a complete understanding of how that process functions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simon says: Reliability and the role of working memory and attentional control in the Simon task

Borgmann

Risko

Stolz

et al. 2007

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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The Simon effect refers to the observation that subjects identify targets (e.g., colors) faster when the irrelevant spatial location of the target corresponds to the location of the response key. Theoretical accounts of the Simon effect typically explain performance in terms of automatic and controlled processes. Furthermore, the relative contributions of automatic and controlled processes are held to change as a function of the proportion of compatible to incompatible trials (compatibility proportion). Data are presented demonstrating that the reliability of the Simon effect, indexed by correlating its magnitude within subjects across blocks of trials, varied substantially as a function of the compatibility proportion. When the compatibility proportion was high, so was reliability. When the compatibility proportion was low, reliability was low as well. The results are discussed in terms of the relative reliability of automatic and controlled processes and the role of working memory and attentional control in goal maintenance.

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Section: Theoretical Utilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simon says: Reliability and the role of working memory and attentional control in the Simon task

Borgmann

Risko

Stolz

et al. 2007

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…The psychometric performance of this task in nonclinical populations remains undetermined as well. There is recent evidence that measures of "implicit" memory are less reliable than those for "explicit" memory, on a range of verbal tasks including a degraded word identification task (Buchner & Wippich, 2000). By analogy, perhaps hypothetical differences in reliability between the measures of automatic versus controlled semantic priming effects account for the relative inconsistency in automatic priming effects across the various studies, in contrast to controlled priming effects.…”

Section: Psychometric Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Minzenberg

Ober

Vinogradov

2002

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

132

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In this paper, we present a review of semantic priming experiments in schizophrenia. Semantic priming paradigms show utility in assessing the role of deficits in semantic memory network access in the pathology of schizophrenia. The studies are placed in the context of current models of information processing. In this review we include all English-language reports (from peer-reviewed journals) of single-word semantic priming studies involving participants with schizophrenia. The studies to date show schizophrenic patients to exhibit variable semantic priming effects under automatic processing conditions, and consistent impairments under controlled0attentional conditions. We also describe associations with other neurocognitive dysfunction, neurochemical and electrophysiological disturbances, and clinical manifestations (such as thought disorder).

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“…The EPT for automatic evaluation assessment often shows relatively low reliability, usually below α = .6 (Bar-Anan & Nosek, 2014;Gawronski & De Houwer, 2014;Olson & Fazio, 2003). As a consequence, the observed difference could be a function of less reliable automatic versus deliberate measures, and not a difference in the measured evaluative associations (see Buchner & Wippich, 2000, for similar difficulty in research on implicit versus explicit memory).…”

Section: Alternative Explanations For the Existing Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%