On the rheological behavior of light crude oil: a review

Souas, Farid; Safri, Abdelhamid; Benmounah, Abdelbaki

doi:10.1080/10916466.2020.1789166

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…• All the previous studies on the ET phenomenon during the EOR process considered the rheological properties of the displacing fluid but not the displaced fluid, i.e., the crude oil. However, it can be readily acknowledged that crude oil exhibits various non-Newtonian characteristics, such as shear-thinning, yield stress, thixotropy, or even viscoelastic [170][171][172][173][174][175] . The rheological properties of the displaced fluid could also significantly regulate the ET phenomenon and the subsequent oil displacement efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of elastic instability and elastic turbulence: Review, limitations, and future directions

Sasmal¹

2023

Preprint

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of elastic instability and elastic turbulence: Review, limitations, and future directions

Sasmal¹

2023

Preprint

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“…For pipeline transport of heavy crude oil, rheological modifiers such as diluents, surfactants, polymer additives, and emulsifiers have been extensively used to reduce the viscosity, alter flow profiles, and decrease frictional forces such as to enable transportation of these fluids at reasonable pumping powers. − However, a major drawback to these approaches is that such additives must then be removed and pumped back to the point of origin; much valuable pipeline capacity is consumed in the flow of light condensates added solely for the purposes of rheology modification, which furthermore necessitate a substantial infrastructure for solvent recovery at terminals. As an entirely different approach, much recent effort has focused on the modification of the interior surfaces of pipelines to alter flow profiles.…”

Section: Solutions For Midstream Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Materials Science Perspective of Midstream Challenges in the Utilization of Heavy Crude Oil

et al. 2022

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An increasing global population and a sharply upward trajectory of per capita energy consumption continue to drive the demand for fossil fuels, which remain integral to energy grids and the global transportation infrastructure. The oil and gas industry is increasingly reliant on unconventional deposits such as heavy crude oil and bitumen for reasons of accessibility, scale, and geopolitics. Unconventional deposits such as the Canadian Oil Sands in Northern Alberta contain more than one-third of the world’s viscous oil reserves and are vital linchpins to meet the energy needs of rapidly industrializing populations. Heavy oil is typically recovered from subsurface deposits using thermal recovery approaches such as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). In this perspective article, we discuss several aspects of materials science challenges in the utilization of heavy crude oil with an emphasis on the needs of the Canadian Oil Sands. In particular, we discuss surface modification and materials’ design approaches essential to operations under extreme environments of high temperatures and pressures and the presence of corrosive species. The demanding conditions for materials and surfaces are directly traceable to the high viscosity, low surface tension, and substantial sulfur content of heavy crude oil, which necessitates extensive energy-intensive thermal processes, warrants dilution/emulsification to ease the flow of rheologically challenging fluids, and engenders the need to protect corrodible components. Geopolitical reasons have further led to a considerable geographic separation between extraction sites and advanced refineries capable of processing heavy oils to a diverse slate of products, thus necessitating a massive midstream infrastructure for transportation of these rheologically challenging fluids. Innovations in fluid handling, bitumen processing, and midstream transportation are critical to the economic viability of heavy oil. Here, we discuss foundational principles, recent technological advancements, and unmet needs emphasizing candidate solutions for thermal insulation, membrane-assisted separations, corrosion protection, and midstream bitumen transportation. This perspective seeks to highlight illustrative materials’ technology developments spanning the range from nanocomposite coatings and cement sheaths for thermal insulation to the utilization of orthogonal wettability to engender separation of water–oil emulsions stabilized by endogenous surfactants extracted during SAGD, size-exclusion membranes for fractionation of bitumen, omniphobic coatings for drag reduction in pipelines and to ease oil handling in containers, solid prills obtained from partial bitumen solidification to enable solid-state transport with reduced risk of damage from spills, and nanocomposite coatings incorporating multiple modes of corrosion inhibition. Future outlooks for onsite partial upgradation are also described, which could potentially bypass the use of refineries for some fractions, enable access to a broader cross-se...

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“…The oil with an API gravity higher than 22.3 is considered light crude oil, while heavy crude oil is defined as oil with an API between 10 and 22.3. 4,5 With a viscosity of 0.09−10 Pa•s, 6 the flow of heavy crude oil in the pipeline is laminar in the higher viscosity range and turbulent in the lower viscosity range. A large number of research results have confirmed that the friction drag generated by the fluid mainly derives from the viscous force between the fluid and the pipe wall or the additional stress of turbulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag Reduction Related to Boundary Layer Control in Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil by Pipeline: A Review

Jing,

Guo,

Karimov

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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With the depletion of conventional light crude oil, heavy crude oil will occupy an increasing share of the energy structure in the 21st century. Heavy crude oil is characterized by an API gravity of 10 to 22.3 or a viscosity of 0.09 to 10 Pa·s. The flow of heavy crude oil in the pipeline is laminar in the higher viscosity range and turbulent in the lower viscosity range, and its flow resistance comes from the viscous force between the oil and the wall or the additional stress of turbulent flow. Hence, pipeline transportation of heavy crude oil is faced with a huge loss of frictional resistance, which means a reduction of the transportation efficiency. To decrease pump power consumption, improving the transportation efficiency of heavy crude oil pipelines is a key factor. In recent years, some biomimetic technologies that reduce the flow resistance of viscous oils have made new progress in improving their fluidity and have not yet been put into use in commercial pipelines. Therefore, it is important and appropriate to discuss the breakthrough achievements and progress made by researchers in the drag reduction (DR) of heavy crude oil and to summarize its advantages, disadvantages, and potential problems. This review discusses boundary layer control methods for heavy crude oil drag reduction. First, conventional DR technologies, such as polymers, surfactants, fiber suspensions, oil–water core annular flow (CAF) and oil–aqueous foam CAF, and potential DR technologies, including oleophobic surfaces, flexible walls, biomimetic microgrooves, and ferrofluid annular DR under magnetic confinement, are presented. Second, the mechanism of DR is investigated and summarized; the highlights and progress of the technology are reviewed, and new ideas to improve the existing DR technology are proposed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of DR are presented.

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On the rheological behavior of light crude oil: a review

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Applications of elastic instability and elastic turbulence: Review, limitations, and future directions

Applications of elastic instability and elastic turbulence: Review, limitations, and future directions

A Materials Science Perspective of Midstream Challenges in the Utilization of Heavy Crude Oil

Drag Reduction Related to Boundary Layer Control in Transportation of Heavy Crude Oil by Pipeline: A Review

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