On the scaling and spacing of extra-solar multi-planet systems

Yeh, Li-Chin; Jiang, Ing-Guey; Gajendran, Sridhar

doi:10.1007/s10509-020-03899-y

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Investigating the ensemble of bound objects (host star(s), planets, minor bodies) coherently can allow a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of exoplanetary astrophysics to emerge. The purview of this multi-body physics covers a breadth of topics including stability of planetary systems (Gladman 1993;Laskar 1997Laskar , 2000Chambers 1999;Fang & Margot 2013;Pu & Wu 2015;Laskar & Petit 2017;Obertas et al 2017;Petit et al 2018;Wang et al 2019;Yeh et al 2020;Tamayo et al 2020;Turrini et al 2020), stellar host and protoplanetary disk properties (Petigura et al 2018;Manara et al 2019;Mulders et al 2021), novel approaches to system-level characterisation (Tremaine 2015;Kipping 2018;Alibert 2019;Mishra et al 2019;Gilbert & Fabrycky 2020;Bashi & Zucker 2021;Sandford et al 2021), and the architecture of planetary systems (Lissauer et al 2011;Ciardi et al 2013;Fabrycky et al 2014;Weiss et al 2018;Millholland et al 2017;Adams 2019;Adams et al 2020;Mulders et al 2020;He et al 2019He et al , 2021Mishra et al 2021;Adibekyan et al 2021;Millholland & Winn 2021;Winter et al 2020). Analysing multi-body system level physics may allow us...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for the architecture of exoplanetary systems

Mishra

Alibert

Udry

et al. 2023

A&A

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In the first paper of this series, we proposed a model-independent framework for characterising the architecture of planetary systems at the system level. There are four classes of planetary system architecture: similar, mixed, anti-ordered, and ordered. In this paper, we investigate the formation pathways leading to these four architecture classes. To understand the role of nature versus nurture in sculpting the final (mass) architecture of a system, we apply our architecture framework to synthetic planetary systems – formed via core-accretion – using the Bern model. General patterns emerge in the formation pathways of the four architecture classes. Almost all planetary systems emerging from protoplanetary disks whose initial solid mass was less than one Jupiter mass are similar. Systems emerging from heavier disks may become mixed, anti-ordered, or ordered. Increasing dynamical interactions (planet–planet, planet–disk) tends to shift a system’s architecture from mixed to anti-ordered to ordered. Our model predicts the existence of a new metallicity–architecture correlation. Similar systems have very high occurrence around low-metallicity stars. The occurrence of the anti-ordered and ordered classes increases with increasing metallicity. The occurrence of mixed architecture first increases and then decreases with increasing metallicity. In our synthetic planetary systems, the role of nature is disentangled from the role of nurture. Nature (or initial conditions) pre-determines whether the architecture of a system becomes similar; otherwise nurture influences whether a system becomes mixed, anti-ordered, or ordered. We propose the ‘Aryabhata formation scenario’ to explain some planetary systems which host only water-rich worlds. We finish this paper with a discussion of future observational and theoretical works that may support or refute the results of this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for the architecture of exoplanetary systems

Mishra

Alibert

Udry

et al. 2023

A&A

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On the Period-Ratio-Mass-Ratio Correlation of Extra-Solar Multi-Planet Systems

Gajendran

Yeh²,

Jiang³

2021

New Astronomy

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Earth-like-planet-hosting systems: Architecture and properties

Davoult,

Alibert,

Mishra

2024

A&A

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The discovery of Earth-like planets is a major focus of current planetology research and faces a significant technological challenge. Indeed, when it comes to detecting planets as small and cold as the Earth, the cost of observation time is massive. Understanding in what type of systems Earth-like planets (ELPs) form and how to identify them is crucial for preparing future missions such as PLATO, LIFE, or others. Theoretical models suggest that ELPs predominantly form within a certain type of system architecture. Therefore, the presence or absence of ELPs could be inferred from the arrangement of other planets within the same system. This study aims to identify the profile of a typical system that harbours an ELP by investigating the architecture of systems and the properties of their innermost detectable planets. Here, we introduce a novel method for determining the architecture of planetary systems and categorising them into four distinct classes. We then conduct a statistical study to identify the most favourable arrangements for the presence of an ELP. Using three populations of synthetic planetary systems generated using the Bern model around three different types of stars, we studied the `theoretical' architecture (the architecture of a complete planetary system) and the `biased' architecture (the architecture of a system in which only detectable planets are taken into account after applying an observation bias) of the synthetic systems. To describe a typical system hosting an ELP, we initially examined the distribution of ELPs across different categories of architectures, highlighting the strong link between planetary system architecture and the presence of an ELP. A more detailed analysis was then conducted, linking the biased architecture of a system with the physical properties of its innermost observable planet to establish the most favourable conditions for the presence or absence of an ELP in a system. First, using synthetic systems, we successfully reproduce the distribution of observed multi-planet systems within the five different architectural classes. This demonstrates the relevance, at the system level, of populations of the synthetic systems derived from the Bern model and the observational bias applied. Secondly, the biased architectures (with observation bias) correspond for the most part to the theoretical architectures (without bias) of the same system. Finally, the biased architecture of a system, studied in conjunction with the mass, radius, and period of the innermost detectable planet, appears to correlate with the presence or absence of an ELP in the same system. We conclude that the detections of ELPs can be predicted thanks to the already known properties of their systems, and we present a list of the properties of the systems most likely to host such a planet.

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On the scaling and spacing of extra-solar multi-planet systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Framework for the architecture of exoplanetary systems

Framework for the architecture of exoplanetary systems

On the Period-Ratio-Mass-Ratio Correlation of Extra-Solar Multi-Planet Systems

Earth-like-planet-hosting systems: Architecture and properties

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