On the Security of LEO Satellite Communication Systems: Vulnerabilities, Countermeasures, and Future Trends

Yue, Pingyue; An, Jianping; Zhang, Jiankang; Pan, Gaofeng; Wang, Shuai; Xiao, Pei; Hanzo, Lajos

doi:10.36227/techrxiv.18093941.v1

Cited by 4 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The performance of other widely studied metrics, including satellite availability, coverage probability, and URLLC rate, are provided. Then, T (1) , T (2) , T (3) ;…”

Section: B Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T (1) , T (2) , T (3) TPM and its variations; Operators used to obtain TPMs µi; N h , θo Average number of hops before interruption from tier i; average number of hops required for successful transmission, average dome angle per step forward K Index set of reachable tiers the interruption probability in multi-flow routing scheme and dynamic priority strategy are presented, respectively.…”

Section: B Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a given strategy s, a unique TPM T (1) is provided to calculate the probability of relays from different tiers being selected in each hop. For…”

Section: A Tpm and Its Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, due to the explosive growth of the number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the satellite network is expected to play a pivotal role in next-generation wireless networks [1]. Satellite-to-satellite communication follows the free space propagation model, and its signal attenuation is much smaller than that of terrestrial communication [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the link between satellites may be blocked by the Earth, resulting in no direct path [9]. Secondly, many satellite constellations are not large enough for independent routing [1], and a multiconstellation cooperative routing is more realistic [10]. In addition, several satellite companies, such as OneWeb and Kuiper, deploy satellites at different altitudes [3], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability Analysis of Multi-hop Routing in Multi-tier LEO Satellite Networks

Wang¹,

Kishk²,

Alouini³

2023

Preprint

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This article studies the reliability of multi-hop routing in a multi-tier hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay network (HSTRN). We evaluate the reliability of multi-hop routing by introducing interruption probability, which is the probability that no relay device (ground gateway or satellite) is available during a hop. The single-hop interruption probability is derived and extended to the multi-hop interruption probability using a stochastic geometry-based approach. Since the interruption probability in HSTRN highly depends on the priority of selecting communication devices at different tiers, we propose three priority strategies: (i) stationary optimal priority strategy, (ii) single-hop interruption probability inspired strategy, and (iii) density inspired strategy. Among them, the interruption probability under the stationary optimal priority strategy can approach the ideal lower bound. However, when analyzing an HSTRN with a large number of tiers, the stationary optimal priority strategy is computationally expensive. The single-hop interruption probability inspired strategy is expected to be a low-complexity but less reliable alternative to the stationary optimal priority strategy. In numerical results, we study the complementarity between terrestrial devices and satellites. Furthermore, analytical results for reliability are also applicable to the analysis of satellite availability, coverage probability, and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) rate. Finally, we extend our original routing strategy into a multi-flow one with dynamic priority strategy.

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“…The performance of other widely studied metrics, including satellite availability, coverage probability, and URLLC rate, are provided. Then, T (1) , T (2) , T (3) ;…”

Section: B Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a given strategy s, a unique TPM T (1) is provided to calculate the probability of relays from different tiers being selected in each hop. For…”

Section: A Tpm and Its Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reliability Analysis of Multi-hop Routing in Multi-tier LEO Satellite Networks

Wang¹,

Kishk²,

Alouini³

2023

Preprint

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Applications and prospects of artificial intelligence in covert satellite communication: a review

Liu

Zeng

et al. 2023

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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Stochastic Geometry-Based Low Latency Routing in Massive LEO Satellite Networks

Wang

Kishk

Alouini

2022

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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In this paper, the routing in massive low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is studied. When the satellite-tosatellite communication distance is limited, we choose different relay satellites to minimize the latency in a constellation at a constant altitude. Firstly, the global optimum solution is obtained in the ideal scenario when there are available satellites at all the ideal locations. Next, we propose a nearest neighbor search algorithm for realistic (non-ideal) scenarios with a limited number of satellites. The proposed algorithm can approach the global optimum solution under an ideal scenario through a finite number of iterations and a tiny range of searches. Compared with other routing strategies, the proposed algorithm shows significant advantages in terms of latency. Furthermore, we provide two approximation techniques that can give tight lower and upper bounds for the latency of the proposed algorithm, respectively. Finally, the relationships between latency and constellation height, satellites' number, and communication distance are investigated.

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On the Security of LEO Satellite Communication Systems: Vulnerabilities, Countermeasures, and Future Trends

Abstract: <div>In view of the development status of the security of LEO satellite communication system, a comprehensive review, induction, and summary is carried out.<br></div>

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Reliability Analysis of Multi-hop Routing in Multi-tier LEO Satellite Networks

Reliability Analysis of Multi-hop Routing in Multi-tier LEO Satellite Networks

Applications and prospects of artificial intelligence in covert satellite communication: a review

Stochastic Geometry-Based Low Latency Routing in Massive LEO Satellite Networks

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