On the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of the AlSi10Mg Alloy: Process, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

Trevisan, F.; Calignano, Flaviana; Lorusso, Massimo; Pakkanen, Jukka Antero; Aversa, Alberta; Ambrosio, Elisa Paola; Lombardi, Mariangela; Fino, Paolo; Manfredi, Diego

doi:10.3390/ma10010076

Cited by 383 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is the first study where the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was strengthened by an oxygen addition during the AM process. The anisotropy of the mechanical properties of SLM and EBM fabricated parts was investigated for metals such as: nickel-based superalloys [9,10], stainless steel [11,12], silumins [13,14] and titanium alloys [15,16]. In contrast to other work, our study is one of the first reported studies showing the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V investigated on microsamples cut within the SLM and EBM fabricated material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: This work is a detailed comparison of the direct laser and electron additive manufacturing methods, which could help scientific research institutes and companies choose the best 3D printer system for the fabrication of titanium implants.Abstract: Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods are generally used to produce an early sample or near net-shape elements based on three-dimensional geometrical modules. To date, publications on AM of metal implants have mainly focused on knee and hip replacements or bone scaffolds for tissue engineering. The direct fabrication of metallic implants can be achieved by methods, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Electron Beam Melting (EBM). This work compares the SLM and EBM methods used in the fabrication of titanium bone implants by analyzing the microstructure, mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. The SLM process was conducted in an environmental chamber using 0.4-0.6 vol % of oxygen to enhance the mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. SLM processed material had high anisotropy of mechanical properties and superior UTS (1246-1421 MPa) when compared to the EBM (972-976 MPa) and the wrought material (933-942 MPa). The microstructure and phase composition depended on the used fabrication method. The AM methods caused the formation of long epitaxial grains of the prior β phase. The equilibrium phases (α + β) and non-equilibrium α' martensite was obtained after EBM and SLM, respectively. Although it was found that the heat transfer that occurs during the layer by layer generation of the component caused aluminum content deviations, neither methods generated any cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, in contrast to SLM, the EBM fabricated material met the ASTMF136 standard for surgical implant applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

et al. 2017

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“…[234] AlSi alloys show an inhomogeneous composition and grain size across each individual scan track and layer, leading to a heterogeneous distribution of Si-particles during the HT. [24,95,151,240,241] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.aem-journal.com hardening stages, thus removing most of the location dependencies. [235] Yet, a post HT still increases the ductility of AlSi alloys and was found as a suitable option for an adjustment of their mechanical properties.…”

Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[240,241] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.aem-journal.com of the studies to date is provided in Table 29, whereby all studies focus on the mode 1 crack opening case. An overview Dedicated publications to this topic can be found here.…”

Section: Fracture Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Metal Fabricated with Laser‐ and Powder‐Bed Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and its Utilization in the Medical Sector

et al. 2018

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Additive manufacturing has multiple advantages over conventional fabrication techniques, such as the geometrical freedom and, to a great extent, the omission of tooling equipment. Hence, futuristic designs and non-standard topology-optimized structures can be fabricated without causing noteworthy extra cost, since the geometrical complexity is, exaggeratedly spoken, for free. The manufacturing time and the amount of required raw material are the key criteria, which determine the expenses. What at first glance appears as an engineer's dream, introduces its complexity in the description of the material's characteristics and their volatility to the manufacturing conditions. Within this study, the main properties (i.e., surface hardness, tensile, and compression strength, as well as fracture toughness) and their anisotropic and inhomogeneous nature are addressed. Detailed overviews of the progress to date for aluminum, iron, titanium, cobalt, and nickel based raw materials are provided. Furthermore, an overview about the state-of-the-art in the medical sector is included, comprising the areas of utilization and several trail studies.

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“…The tensile properties of SLM parts fabricated in different building directions depend on the metallurgical bonding between two neighbor melt tracks or layers. When an SLM structure is being built, "layer-layer" and "track-track" molten pool boundaries (MPBs) are generated by multi-layer and multi-track melt pool overlapping, respectively (Figure 2) [16,18]. When the structure is built vertically (90 • ) or horizontally (0 • ), the loading direction caused by an occlusal force would act on the track-track MPB surface or on the layer-layer MPB surface, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the structure is built vertically (90 • ) or horizontally (0 • ), the loading direction caused by an occlusal force would act on the track-track MPB surface or on the layer-layer MPB surface, respectively. When the part is built diagonally (45 • ), the oriented MPBs are discontinuous not only on the x-y plane but also along the z axis, producing complex loads acting simultaneously along both the layer-layer and track-track MPB surfaces [15,18]. Thus, the differences in MPB formation can eventually influence the mechanical properties of the processed SLM structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fabricating High-Quality 3D-Printed Alloys for Dental Applications

2017

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Featured Application: This article will help to find main points to be considered while applying selective laser melting technology in dentistry.Abstract: Metal additive manufacturing (AM), especially selective laser melting (SLM), has been receiving particular attention because metallic functional structures with complicated configurations can be effectively fabricated using the technique. However, there still exist some future challenges for the fabrication of high-quality SLM products for dental applications. First, the surface quality of SLM products should be further improved by standardizing the laser process parameters or by appropriately post-treating the surface. Second, it should be guaranteed that dental SLM restorations have good dimensional accuracy and, in particular, a good marginal fit. Third, a definitive standard regarding building and scanning strategies, which affect the anisotropy, should be established to optimize the mechanical properties and fatigue resistance of SLM dental structures. Fourth, the SLM substructure's bonding and support to veneering ceramic should be further studied to facilitate the use of esthetic dental restorations. Finally, the biocompatibility of SLM dental alloys should be carefully examined and improved to minimize the potential release of toxic metal ions from the alloys. Future research of SLM should focus on solving the above challenges, as well as on fabricating dental structures with "controlled" porosity.Keywords: additive manufacturing; anisotropy; dental alloy; selective laser melting Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing or rapid prototyping, is the process of joining materials to make 3D objects from digital data, usually layer upon layer [1,2]. Metal AM, especially selective laser melting (SLM), has been receiving particular attention because metallic functional structures with complicated configurations in various industrial, medical, and dental sectors can now be fabricated using this technique [1][2][3]. However, due to the complex nature of metal AM, there still exist many challenges for the successful fabrication of high-quality metallic products with favorable microstructures and properties [3]. In particular, several challenges need to be solved in order to apply the SLM technology widely in dental applications, replacing conventional techniques such as casting [1].It has been known that the SLM technique can produce 3D objects with minimal pre-processing and/or post-processing requirements [3]. In reality, however, the supporting structure created in the manufacturing stage must be manually removed after the final 3D product is completed [2,4].

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On the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of the AlSi10Mg Alloy: Process, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

Cited by 383 publications

References 87 publications

Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants

A Review of Metal Fabricated with Laser‐ and Powder‐Bed Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and its Utilization in the Medical Sector

Fabricating High-Quality 3D-Printed Alloys for Dental Applications

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