On the sensitivity of the ultrasonic welding process of epoxy- to polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composites to the welding force and amplitude of vibrations

Tsiangou, Eirini; Freitas, Sofia Teixeira de; Benedictus, Rinze; Villegas, Irene Fernández

doi:10.1016/j.jcomc.2021.100141

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A thermoplastic polymer was chosen as the matrix material as its usage is increasing in aerospace, automotive, and marine structures. Thermoplastic composites exhibit high‐performance mechanical properties such as good fracture toughness and impact resistance 47,48 . Additionally, several other factors, such as long shelf‐life, weldability, and recyclability, make thermoplastics more advantageous than thermosets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermoplastic composites exhibit highperformance mechanical properties such as good fracture toughness and impact resistance. 47,48 Additionally, several other factors, such as long shelf-life, weldability, and recyclability, make thermoplastics more advantageous than thermosets. Textile fiber reinforcements in PMCs exhibit improved damage tolerance behavior compared to unidirectional laminates with cross-ply layup.…”

Section: Description Of the Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of pulse duration on the fatigue behavior of a carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composite under cyclic three‐point bending at 20 kHz

Premanand,

Balle

2024

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) experiments are limited in practice due to their long testing times. In ultrasonic fatigue test (UFT) systems, the cyclic oscillation is applied using resonance at 20 kHz with a pulse and pause sequence. However, determining optimal pulse durations to achieve minimal testing time and avoid thermal‐induced fatigue damage in fiber‐reinforced polymer composites remains a challenge. In this work, several fatigue experiments, temperature analyses, and digital light optical microscopy were carried out to evaluate the influence of pulse duration on the fatigue behavior of a carbon‐fiber fabric reinforced in polyether‐ketone‐ketone (CF‐PEKK) composite. A shorter pulse duration with the same pulse–pause ratio as the longer pulse duration is proposed for higher stress amplitudes to avoid any thermal influence during mechanical fatigue without altering the underlying fatigue damage mechanisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pulse duration on the fatigue behavior of a carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composite under cyclic three‐point bending at 20 kHz

Premanand,

Balle

2024

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…A novel approach to using the thermoplastic welding process for thermosets is to co-cure a thermoplastic interlayer during the cure process of a thermoset composite. Despite the fact that only the thermoset resin undergoes a curing reaction, that process is referred to as ‘co-curing’ in the literature [ 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. For consistency with already published research, this term is also used in the present paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Characterization of the Reaction-Diffusion Behavior during the Gradient Interphase Formation of Polyetherimide with a High-Temperature Epoxy System

et al. 2022

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This study presents two novel methods for in situ characterization of the reaction-diffusion process during the co-curing of a polyetherimide thermoplastic interlayer with an epoxy-amine thermoset. The first method was based on hot stage experiments using a computer vision point tracker algorithm to detect and trace diffusion fronts, and the second method used space- and time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Both approaches provided essential information, e.g., type of transport phenomena and diffusion rate. They can also be combined and serve to elucidate phenomena occurring during diffusion up to phase separation of the gradient interphase between the epoxy system and the thermoplastic. Accordingly, it was possible to distinguish reaction-diffusion mechanisms, describe the diffusivity of the present system and evaluate the usability of the above-mentioned methods.

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Ultrasonic welding of CF/epoxy‐CF/PEI joints with enhanced vibration transfer efficiency and optimized welding quality

Liu,

Quan,

Yue

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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This study investigated the impact of welding force on the ultrasonic welding quality of epoxy‐based to polyetherimide (PEI)‐based composite joints. PEI film layers were used on the carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/epoxy) composite surface through a co‐curing process, rendering it “weldable.” The ultrasonic welding for CF/epoxy and CF/PEI composite adherends were then performed, with varied welding force. The results showed critical effects of the welding force on the vibration transfer efficiency, morphology of welding lines and strength of welded joints. Lap‐shear strength (LSS) value of these joints initially increased and subsequently decreased with continuously increasing welding forces. Pore defects formed during the welding process were efficiently avoided while an optimal welding force was utilized, that resulted in the best quality welding line and the largest LSS of 39.4 MPa. In this case, CF/PEI and CF/epoxy composite adherends were cohesively failed, which was the main failure mechanism for the hybrid joints.Highlights Weldability of CF/epoxy composites was realized by co‐curing a PEI layer. Increasing welding force provided enhanced vibration transfer efficiency. Optimal welding force led to efficiently improved welding‐line quality. The largest LSS of 39.4 MPa was obtained with an optimal welding force.

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On the sensitivity of the ultrasonic welding process of epoxy- to polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composites to the welding force and amplitude of vibrations

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of pulse duration on the fatigue behavior of a carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composite under cyclic three‐point bending at 20 kHz

Influence of pulse duration on the fatigue behavior of a carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composite under cyclic three‐point bending at 20 kHz

In Situ Characterization of the Reaction-Diffusion Behavior during the Gradient Interphase Formation of Polyetherimide with a High-Temperature Epoxy System

Ultrasonic welding of CF/epoxy‐CF/PEI joints with enhanced vibration transfer efficiency and optimized welding quality

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