On the sensitivity of ultrasonic welding of epoxy- to polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composites to the heating time during the welding process

Tsiangou, Eirini; Kupski, J.A.; Freitas, Sofia Teixeira de; Benedictus, Rinze; Villegas, Irene Fernández

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106334

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Introducing external field effects into the welding process, such as friction-stir welding, electromagnetic welding, and ultrasonic welding (UW), is able to facilitate the rate of solid-phase bonding. , Within them, UW has attracted significant attention in the fields of electronic, automotive, and aerospace industries because of its considerably shorter welding time (even < 1 s), lower energy consumption (room temperature welding), cleanliness, and reliability. − High-frequency ultrasonic vibration energy can be transformed into frictional work, deformation energy, and limited temperature rise at the welding interface, dramatically accelerating the diffusion and entanglement of polymer chains. , Therefore, UW holds the potential to enable the high-efficiency integration of heterostructured LCEs. To realize the UW of LCEs, the aforementioned exchangeable LCEs should be developed to behave like reprocessible thermoplastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32−34 High-frequency ultrasonic vibration energy can be transformed into frictional work, deformation energy, and limited temperature rise at the welding interface, dramatically accelerating the diffusion and entanglement of polymer chains. 35,36 Therefore, UW holds the potential to enable the high-efficiency integration of heterostructured LCEs. To realize the UW of LCEs, the aforementioned exchangeable LCEs should be developed to behave like reprocessible thermoplastics.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic-Excited Ultrafast Seamless Integration of Heterostructured Liquid Crystalline Elastomers for Multi-responsive Soft Actuators

Zheng

Yuan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Multicomponent/heterostructured liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) have recently garnered extensive attention for the design of soft robots with high dexterity and flexibility. However, the reported integration strategies of LCEs seriously suffer from high welding temperature, long processing time, and poor joint quality. Herein, the high-efficiency seamless ultrasonic welding (UW) of reprogrammable silver nanowire−LCE composites (AgNW−LCEs) have been realized without any auxiliary reagents based on the dynamic silver− disulfide coordination interactions. The elaborate combination of silver− disulfide coordination interactions and UW technology establishes an effective double-network welding mechanism of AgNWs and dynamic LC networks due to the high-frequency vibration at the welding interface. During the UW process, monolithic AgNW−LCEs can be integrated into heterostructured actuators at room temperature for 0.68 s. Furthermore, the welded AgNW−LCEs demonstrate an exceptional strain healing efficiency of ∼100%, a stress healing efficiency of ∼85%, and a maintained orientation of the LC alignment. Taking advantage of the high-efficiency UW technology, the heterostructured AgNW−LCE actuators with different LC alignments or LC monomers have been successfully implemented for a multi-degree-of-freedom soft robotic arm and a time-modulated flower-mimic actuator. This work provides an efficient approach toward the development of multi-responsive entirely soft actuators based on smart polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic-Excited Ultrafast Seamless Integration of Heterostructured Liquid Crystalline Elastomers for Multi-responsive Soft Actuators

Zheng

Yuan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Wang et al 7 found that welding energy is an important parameter affecting joint strength. Tao et al 8 and Tsujino et al 9 studied the influence mechanism of welding time on the welding strength of carbon fiber/polyetheretherketone composites in detail. Harras et al 10 investigated the relationship between total energy input parameters and joint strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic welded joint failure mode of glass fiber/polyetherimide composites

Wang

Xiao

Song

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Failure modes of ultrasonic welding joints were investigated by using glass fiber/polyetherimide (PEI) composite material as a base material, and the mechanism of welding pressure with different failure modes and the effects of failure modes on joint strength were explored. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic welding joints have six failure scenarios. Peeling of PEI film and the base material surface on both sides, peeling of PEI film and the base material surface on one side, peeling of surface fiber and surface resin, laminate delamination, fiber breakage, ablation damage respectively. The welding pressure mainly affects the proportion of the first three failure modes. When the welding pressure increases, the proportion of the second failure mode is obvious, meantime the proportion of the first failure mode gradually decreases, the welding pressure mainly affects the proportion of the first three failure modes.The welding joint failure is often a mixed failure generated by the coupling of the abovementioned six failure modes rather than a single failure mode. The evolution of heat distribution with P w was simulated using COMSOL. The simulation curves represent the evolution of the weld interface temperature at different position.

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“…Fusion or welding is widely used in the secondary assembly of plastics, showing great potential in medical equipment, automotive parts, aerospace materials, and other aspects. The efficiency of welded joints can be close to the bulk performance of thermoplastics. , Usually, fusion bonding can be divided according to the technology used for introducing heat, such as spin welding, vibration welding, microwave welding, ultrasonic welding (USW), and so on. − Through the above bonding techniques, many studies on welding of thermoplastics have been reported, including the same material and dissimilar materials, such as polyethylene (PE), PP, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer, PA6, PE-PP, PA6-PA66, polylactic acid-polyformaldehyde (PLA-POM), PLA-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), , and PMMA-ABS . Liu et al studied ultrasonic welding of a carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 66 composite without an energy director.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion Bonding Possibility for Incompatible Polymers by the Novel Ultrasonic Welding Technology: Effect of Interfacial Compatibilization

Huang³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Fusion bonding for polymers has been successfully welded for the same and dissimilar materials. However, it is difficult to bond incompatible polymers due to poor interfacial adhesion. Usually, interfacial compatibilization can resolve this problem. According to the mechanism, an interlayer solder sheet (ISS) consisting of maleic anhydride-functionalized polypropylene (PP- g -MAH) and polyamide6 (PA6) was introduced into the ultrasonic welding (USW) device. In this way, it successfully realized the weldability between PP and PA6. The welding strength of PP–PA6 reached 22.3 MPa, about 84% welding strength for the PP body and 63% tensile strength for PP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the formation of PP- g -PA6 copolymer in blends. This copolymer played the role of an emulsifier, which enhanced the interfacial adhesion between PP and PA6 in two phases, leading to micron-scale homogeneity. In the USW process, the copolymer could act as a bridge between PP and PA6 molecular chains to realize the fusion bonding of incompatible polymers. Finally, we proposed the fusion bonding model for PP–PA6 interfaces.

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On the sensitivity of ultrasonic welding of epoxy- to polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composites to the heating time during the welding process

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Ultrasonic-Excited Ultrafast Seamless Integration of Heterostructured Liquid Crystalline Elastomers for Multi-responsive Soft Actuators

Ultrasonic-Excited Ultrafast Seamless Integration of Heterostructured Liquid Crystalline Elastomers for Multi-responsive Soft Actuators

Ultrasonic welded joint failure mode of glass fiber/polyetherimide composites

Fusion Bonding Possibility for Incompatible Polymers by the Novel Ultrasonic Welding Technology: Effect of Interfacial Compatibilization

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