On the significance of Surfactant Protein-A within the human lungs

Goldmann, Torsten; Kähler, Daniel; Schultz, Holger; Abdullah, Mahdi; Lang, Dagmar S.; Stellmacher, Florian; Vollmer, Ekkehard

doi:10.1186/1746-1596-4-8

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Reduced SP-A expression in lungs after embolism might be caused by the limited number of SP-A producing type II cells and/or by a reduced SP-A expression of the remaining - uninjured cells - similarly to the lung fibrosis [11]. …”

Section: Surfactant-specific Protein a (Sp-a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung surfactant alterations in pulmonary thromboembolism

Čalkovská¹,

Mokrá²,

Calkovský³

2009

Eur J Med Res

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Beside neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, secondary surfactant deficiency may occur in patients with mature lungs. Recent studies revealed quantitative and qualitative changes of lung surfactant in pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) concerning the total phospholipids content in BAL fluid, alterations in surfactant phospholipids classes and a large-to-small aggregates ratio. Reduced expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) mRNA and SP-A in lung tissue after pulmonary embolism was found. Serum levels of SP-A were significantly higher in patients with PTE than in other lung diseases, except COPD. Surfactant changes in PTE may result from damage of type II cells by hypoxia, leakage of plasma proteins into the airspaces and/or by reactive oxygen species. They can contribute to lung atelectasis and edema, and a further reduction in oxygen saturation as seen in clinical picture of PTE. Surfactant changes are reliable marker of lung injury that might become a prognostic indicator in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism.

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Section: Surfactant-specific Protein a (Sp-a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung surfactant alterations in pulmonary thromboembolism

Čalkovská¹,

Mokrá²,

Calkovský³

2009

Eur J Med Res

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“…Previous study show that secretions Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) are described to useful for the diagnostics of pulmonary edema and it plays a significant role on the human pulmonary disorders and lung diseases [39]. Mechanistically, it is understandable why AQP5 should not facilitate the alveolar-capillary integrity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights of aquaporin 5 in the pathogenesis of high altitude pulmonary edema

She

Lin

et al. 2013

Diagn Pathol

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BackgroundHigh altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) affects individuals and is characterized by alveolar flooding with protein-rich edema as a consequence of blood-gas barrier disruption. In this study, we hypothesized that aquaporin 5 (AQP5) which is one kind of water channels may play a role in preservation of alveolar epithelial barrier integrity in high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).MethodsTherefore, we established a model in Wildtype mice and AQP5 −/− mice were assingned to normoxic rest (NR), hypoxic rest (HR) and hypoxic exercise (HE) group. Mice were produced by training to walk at treadmill for exercising and chamber pressure was reduced to simulate climbing an altitude of 5000 m for 48 hours. Studies using BAL in HAPE mice to demonstrated that edema is caused leakage of albumin proteins and red cells across the alveolarcapillary barrier in the absence of any evidence of inflammation.ResultsIn this study, the Lung wet/dry weight ratio and broncholalveolar lavage protein concentrations were slightly increased in HE AQP5 −/− mice compared to wildtype mice. And histologic evidence of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was distinctly shown in HE group. The lung Evan’s blue permeability of HE group was showed slightly increased compare to the wildtype groups, and HR group was showed a medium situation from normal to HAPE development compared with NR and HE group.ConclusionsDeletion of AQP5 slightly increased lung edema and lung injury compared to wildtype mice during HAPE development, which suggested that the AQP5 plays an important role in HAPE formation induced by high altitude simulation.

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“…Entities like bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia [45], idiopathic bronchiolitis [46-48] or inhaled drug induced ILD [49], have to be excluded histologically and clinically. Further aspects in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of IP will be offered by systemic biology [50], surfactant expression and immunohistochemistry [51,52], and genetics [53]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approach to interstitial pneumonias in a single centre: report on 88 cases

et al. 2012

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BackgroundInterstitial pneumonias (IP) cover a broad spectrum of diseases. Open lung biopsies reveal histological patterns and suggest possible diagnoses. Complete clinical records are necessary for final diagnoses. Especially idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) according to the ATS/ERS classification can only be diagnosed under these predictions. The aim of this study was to compare the results of histological evaluations with the final diagnosis after interdisciplinary case evaluation.Patients and methods88 patients with interstitial pneumonia that underwent open lung biopsies were investigated. Histology and clinical records were available for review. Diagnosis was made in three steps: first on the sole basis of histology, second with clinical information given initially and third, on the basis of an interdisciplinary case evaluation.Results63 patients (72%) were diagnosed as idiopathic interstitial pneumonias according to ATS/ERS criteria. Further 10 (11%) cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 7 (8%) Langerhans cell histiocytosis and 8 (9%) interstitial pneumonias of other known causes or associations were detected. Histological patterns alone agreed with the final diagnosis in 67%. In 82% histology and clinical information given to the pathologist could provide correct diagnosis. In the rest of cases, especially in non idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, an interdisciplinary case evaluation was needed.ConclusionsDiagnosis of interstitial pneumonias by open lung biopsies needs sufficient clinical information. Because of the overlap of histological patterns, an interdisciplinary case evaluation that includes at least one clinical expert and one pathologist with excellent expertise and the follow-up of the patients is necessary to find correct diagnosis in all cases.Virtual slidesThe virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5031706258025129

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On the significance of Surfactant Protein-A within the human lungs

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Lung surfactant alterations in pulmonary thromboembolism

Lung surfactant alterations in pulmonary thromboembolism

New insights of aquaporin 5 in the pathogenesis of high altitude pulmonary edema

Diagnostic approach to interstitial pneumonias in a single centre: report on 88 cases

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