On the status of reliability studies involving primary and secondary equipment applied to power system

Abstract

On the status of reliability studies involving primary and secondary equipment applied to power system. Abstract-Growth in infrastructure and energy utilization consistently put forward the demand for added quality and quantity of electric power. Reliability concerns over power systems are widespread within its different associated divisions like 'primary' power system structure, protection system, control equipment, ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) etc. This paper is a review of the present status of practices regarding reliability analysis in these divisions and works towards collectively assessing some of the studies in the respective areas. The idea of integrating reliability analysis from the above areas is introduced along with pointing out the major challenges associated. A set of tools for operators to make use in these reliability evaluations and modelling are mentioned. The earlier attempts towards combined overall system reliability analysis are discussed and the approach in this regard with the help of 'control functions' is emphasised. The paper includes works dealing with theory, different methodologies and data associated with power system reliability.

Reliability Evaluation of Distribution Structures Considering the Presence of False Trips

“…Most of the power system components can be classified into two divisions, the primary and the secondary equipment [5]. Primary equipment is responsible for the actual transfer of energy from the generating units to customer locations, while the secondary side deals with the monitoring, measuring and control of the primary system.…”

“…Relatively high communication traffic in practical systems can also result in errors and spurious signals. Also, operation of the secondary equipment in automated systems is very complex [5]. Hence the frequency of overlapping failures resulting from miss-communications is expected to increase in advanced power systems.…”

“…However, in real-world implementations, critical yet intricate power network equipment such as protection systems can have operational failures from causes that are unaccounted for, in system design. Apart from flaws in physical components and the impact of external agents, these failures can initiate from incorrect manipulation by control equipment, missing communications, lack of situation awareness of human operators and other reasons [5]. Modelling of such correlated events with consideration to the cause, mode and nature of the events has not been conducted yet in required detail.…”

“…A detailed review of power system reliability analysis with a focus on identifying the important works concerning the primary grid and the control and protection equipment is done in [5]. The association of protection system reliability with the primary equipment is a focus in the review.…”

Substation area joint defensive protection strategy based on distributed cooperative all-in-one device

“…Integration of primary and secondary device is an important development direction of smart grid in the future [1,2]. By packing the sensing measurement, logic computing and communication cooperation ability of secondary intelligent unit into primary devices with the support of fiber, self-organizing substation interactive protection and control network system can be realized [3].…”