On the Structure and Dynamics of Human Thought: The Legacy of William J. McGuire for Social and Political Psychology

Jost, John T.; Hardin, Curtis D.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00794.x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Furthermore, each of these threats could precipitate remote ramifi cations or ripple effects that infl uence the individual's degree of attachment to both local and global social systems (cf. Jost & Hardin, 2011). On a meta-theoretical level, the present set of fi ndings are in line with observations that seemingly disparate outcomes and processes can serve the same underlying psychological needs (e.g., see Arndt et al, 2002;Heine et al, 2006;Kay et al, 2008;Solomon et al, 2004;Tesser, 2000).…”

Section: American System Justificationsupporting

confidence: 67%

Spreading Rationalization: Increased Support for Large-Scale and Small-Scale Social Systems Following System Threat

Wakslak¹,

Jost²,

Bauer³

2011

Social Cognition

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System justifi cation theory suggests that individuals defend and rationalize aspects of prevailing social systems, especially in response to system threat.In two experiments we extend this framework by demonstrating that people rationalize small-scale social systems (e.g., local popularity hierarchies and the nuclear family) as well as large-scale social systems (e.g., American society). Furthermore, we fi nd that system threat leads people to bolster not only the legitimacy of the social system that is directly threatened but also the legitimacy of systems at other levels of analysis. These results provide evidence of spreading rationalization, suggesting that people respond defensively to other social systems when one system that they belong to is criticized or attacked.As individuals functioning within social contexts, each of us simultaneously hold positions in multiple social networks. These can range in size and complexity from families and friendship cliques to formal organizations and societal institutions. While each of these networks undoubtedly has its own set of unique

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Section: American System Justificationsupporting

confidence: 67%

Spreading Rationalization: Increased Support for Large-Scale and Small-Scale Social Systems Following System Threat

Wakslak¹,

Jost²,

Bauer³

2011

Social Cognition

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“…One of the most trenchant social and political psychologists of the twentieth century, William J. McGuire (), observed that the “politics and psychology relationship has been lively and long‐lasting as interdisciplinary affairs go, its longevity fostered by frequent shiftings of its popular topics, methods, and theories” (p. 363; see also Jost & Hardin, ). As in all sustainable relationships, psychology and political science have, for the most part, changed together rather than grown apart (e.g., see Huddy, Sears, & Levy, ; McGuire, ; Sears, Huddy, & Jervis, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…long-lasting as interdisciplinary affairs go, its longevity fostered by frequent shiftings of its popular topics, methods, and theories" (p. 363; see also Jost & Hardin, 2011). As in all sustainable relationships, psychology and political science have, for the most part, changed together rather than grown apart (e.g., see Huddy, Sears, & Levy, 2013;McGuire, 1993;Sears, Huddy, & Jervis, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Political Neuroscience: The Beginning of a Beautiful Friendship

Jost¹,

Nam

Amodio³

et al. 2014

Political Psychology

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123

112

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The emergence of political neuroscience-an interdisciplinary venture involving political science, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience-has piqued the interests of scholars as well as the mass public. In this chapter, we review evidence pertaining to four areas of inquiry that have generated most of the research in political neuroscience to date: (1) racial prejudice and intergroup relations; (2) the existence of partisan bias and motivated political cognition; (3) the nature of left-right differences in political orientation; and (4) the dimensional structure of political attitudes. Although these topics are well-known to political psychologists, the application of models and methods from neuroscience has renewed interest in each of them and yielded novel insights. There is reason to believe that many other areas of political psychology await similarly promising renewals and that innovative methods will continue to advance our understanding of the physiological processes involved in political cognition, evaluation, judgment, and behavior. We address limitations, criticisms, and potential pitfalls of existing work-including the "chicken-and-egg problem"-and propose an ambitious agenda for the next generation of research in political neuroscience.KEY WORDS: political neuroscience, racial prejudice, partisanship, ideology "It is evident that the state is a creation of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal." -AristotleOne of the most trenchant social and political psychologists of the twentieth century, William J. McGuire (1993), observed that the "politics and psychology relationship has been lively and Advances in Political Psychology, Vol. 35, Suppl. 1, 2014 doi: 10.1111 long-lasting as interdisciplinary affairs go, its longevity fostered by frequent shiftings of its popular topics, methods, and theories" (p. 363; see also Jost & Hardin, 2011). As in all sustainable relationships, psychology and political science have, for the most part, changed together rather than grown apart (e.g., see Huddy, Sears, & Levy, 2013;McGuire, 1993; Sears, Huddy, & Jervis, 2003). Perhaps it was inevitable, then, that political scientists would come to share psychologists' enthusiasm for the models and methods of neuroscience, including the use of electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other measures of the central and peripheral nervous system (e.g., Amodio, Jost, Master, & Yee, 2007;Carmen, 2007;Fowler & Schreiber, 2008;Schreiber et al., 2013;Smith, Oxley, Hibbing, Alford, & Hibbing, 2011b;Taber & Young, 2013;Theodoridis & Nelson, 2012). Political neuroscience is an interdisciplinary venture that tackles questions of mutual interest to political scientists and psychologists by drawing, at least in part, on the theories, methods, and assumptions of biology, especially neuroscience. The application of neuroscience to political topics offers a powerful set of research methods that promises to integrate multiple levels of analysis. As E. O. Wilson (1998) wrote in Consilience: The Unity of ...

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“…Although McGuire is best known for his empirical research on persuasion and social influence, he contributed profoundly to numerous areas of scholarship and research, including creative theorizing about society, culture, and evolution, which is the subject of the essay published here. Additional biographical and autobiographical information about William J. McGuire may be found in the following sources: Banaji and Hastie (), Evans (), Hunyady and Jost (), Jost and Banaji (), Jost, Banaji, and Prentice (), Jost and Hardin (), McGuire (), Pearce ().…”

Section: A Previously Unpublished Manuscript (Edited With An Introducmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigmatic experiences and the evocation of collective memories

McGuire

2017

J Theo Soc Psychol

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In a previously unpublished article, McGuire proposes that ritualistic experiences, by activating archetypal memories, can have sizable impacts on the individual's personal experience and socially significant behavior. He discusses in turn the varieties of archetypal memories, their general characteristics, their origins, the paradigmatic ritual experiences that activate them, and the processes by which these rituals evoke the collective memories.

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On the Structure and Dynamics of Human Thought: The Legacy of William J. McGuire for Social and Political Psychology

Cited by 10 publications

References 127 publications

Spreading Rationalization: Increased Support for Large-Scale and Small-Scale Social Systems Following System Threat

Spreading Rationalization: Increased Support for Large-Scale and Small-Scale Social Systems Following System Threat

Political Neuroscience: The Beginning of a Beautiful Friendship

Paradigmatic experiences and the evocation of collective memories

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