On the Taxonomic Status of 'Quin's Oval' Organisms

Wicken, A. J.; Howard, B. H.

doi:10.1099/00221287-47-2-207

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The 16s rRNA sequence of QO is related to those of the gram-positive group, even though QO has a gram-negative ultrastructure (23). Similar relatedness within the grampositive groups has been found in the sequences of other gram-negative bacteria, such as those in the genera Selenornonas, Megasphaera, and Sporomusa, to which the sequence of QO is most closely related.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…It includes nonsporing, heterotropic, mesophilic, anaerobic ovals with tumbling motilities and linear tufts of flagella on one side of their cells (14). The genus is gram negative, and its cell wall contains a distinct outer membrane and muramic and m-diaminopimelic acids (23). It reproduces by binary fission, and it usually occurs as singles and pairs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are about 3 to 4 by 5 to 8 Fm in size but can be considerably smaller in the rumen if crowding occurs (21). Photomicrographs that represent the morphology have been published (11,16,21,23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the sheep had been on the diet for a 3-week period, QO dominated the rumen microbial population, and rumen contents were removed and strained through cheesecloth. Cells of QO were enriched from 500 ml of rumen contents by differential centrifugation as previously described (23). The resulting cell pellet contained greater than 90% QO cells (cell count) as determined by phase-contrast microscopy, with the other morphotypes being small bacteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposal of Quinella ovalis gen. nov., sp. nov., Based on Phylogenetic Analysis

Krumholz

Bryant

Brulla

et al. 1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Quin's oval is a relatively large bacterium often seen in the rumens of sheep fed diets containing some readily fermented carbohydrates. It has not been obtained in axenic cultures, but a number of its features have been determined by various methods, such as studying cell suspensions purified from rumen fluid by differential centrifugation. We obtained similarly purified suspensions from a sheep fed a diet containing a large amount of molasses. Nearly complete 16s rRNA sequence analysis of these cells as well as cells of Selenomonas ruminantiurn subsp. ruminantiurn GA192 (ATCC 12561; type strain) and S. ruminantium subsp. Zuctii'ytica HD, (ATCC 27209) was done. These sequences were compared with those of other bacteria. Evolutionary distance estimates indicated that Quin's oval was most closely related to the Selenomonas-Megasphaera-Sporomusa group in the gram-positive phylum but that it belongs in a new genus. We propose the name Quinella ovalis gen. nov., sp. nov., with its description based on previously known features.Quin's oval (QO) was briefly described by Woodcock and Lapage in 1913 (27) and separately discovered by Quin (16) in 1943. Quin found it in large numbers in the rumens of sheep fed diets of sugar-rich fresh alfalfa either alone or supplemented with molasses, sucrose, or glucose. Although he did not isolate it, he named it "Schizosaccharomyces ovis" because of its yeast-like (gassy) rapid fermentation of sugar, its relatively large (4-by-8 pm) oval to oblong-oval shape, and its reproduction by binary fission. He also found that it produces glycogen intracellular reserve material from part of the sugar used.Further studies on QO have been hampered by the inability of researchers to obtain pure cultures; however, a considerable number of its features have been determined by various techniques. For example, Howard and coworkers (2, 6, 23) obtained highly enriched cells by differential centrifugation of rumen fluid from sheep fed diets that promoted the growth of large numbers of 00. Using these suspensions, they obtained information on the carbohydrate fermented and the products produced and definitive information on glycogen storage. They also determined that since the cell walls of QO were shown to contain 2,4-diaminopimelic and muramic acids, it is a bacterium. Other studies, such as those of Orpin (13), which used very slow and meticulous culture techniques, have confirmed and extended the information on carbohydrate fermentation, motility, gram-negative staining, and several other features.QO is considered an important part of the microbiota of the rumens of sheep, and it occurs in numbers from 1.9 x lo5 to 3.0 x 108/ml (13). It has been found in numbers as high as 1Ol1/ml (21) in sheep fed mainly molasses. While no taxonomic information has been published on QO since the definitive studies showing that it is a bacterium (23), one of us (M.P.B.) has long surmised that it is at least * Corresponding author. somewhat related to Selenomonas ruminantium subspecies (4,15). Its fermentation produ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Proposal of Quinella ovalis gen. nov., sp. nov., Based on Phylogenetic Analysis

Krumholz

Bryant

Brulla

et al. 1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…He named the organism Schizosaccharomyces ovis in the belief that it was a yeast, but subsequent workers concluded that this was not so (Ingram & McGaughey, 1948;van der Westhuizen, Oxford & Quin, 1950;Oxford, 1955) on the grounds that the organism would not grow in conventional yeast media, was motile and Gram-negative. Positive evidence for its status as a bacterium was supplied by Wicken & Howard (1967) who identified 2,4-diaminopimelate and rnuramate in cell wall preparations of Q.O. Q.O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Culture in vitro of the Rumen Bacterium Quin's Oval

Orpin

1972

Journal of General Microbiology

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The rumen bacterium Quin's Oval has been maintained anaerobically in vitro for more than I year in liquid culture at 39 "C, in the presence of other bacteria, rumen fluid, lactate, n-valerate, isovalerate, DL-a-methylbutyrate, L-cysteine, mannitol and a C 0 2 gas phase. The maximum population density attained was 8.1 x Io6/ml. No growth was obtained in sterile media or in solid media. Growth and glycogen storage occurred when the organisms were incubated with mannitol, glucose, fructose, mannose and sucrose ; amino acids, proteins and polysaccharides were not so utilized. The organisms did not survive freezing, but were viable after 2 weeks at 4 "C. The morphology as seen in the light microscope and the staining of the organisms is described.

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Quinella

Krumholz¹,

Cook²,

Russell³

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Quin.el'la. N.L. fem. n. Quinella named for the pioneering ruminologist, J.I. Quin, who described the organism in some detail (Quin, 1943). Firmicutes / “Clostridia” / Clostridiales / Veillonellaceae / Quinella Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative and oval shaped . Size is 3–4 × 5–8 µm in size but can be considerably smaller in the rumen if crowding occurs. Tumbling motility with linear tufts of flagella on one side of the cells. Endospores are not formed . Heterotrophic and mesophilic . Reproduces by binary fission, and it usually occurs as singles and pairs. A small number of carbohydrates are fermented mainly to lactate, acetate, propionate, and CO 2 . Contains a glycogen‐like reserve material. DNA G + C content ( mol %): unknown. Type species : Quinella ovalis Krumholz, Bryant, Brulla, Vicini, Clark and Bryant 1993, 295 VP .

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On the Taxonomic Status of 'Quin's Oval' Organisms

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Proposal of Quinella ovalis gen. nov., sp. nov., Based on Phylogenetic Analysis

Proposal of Quinella ovalis gen. nov., sp. nov., Based on Phylogenetic Analysis

The Culture in vitro of the Rumen Bacterium Quin's Oval

Quinella

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