On the testing of large PV arrays

Martínez‐Moreno, F.; Lorenzo, E.; Muñoz, J.V.; Moretón, Rodrigo

doi:10.1002/pip.1102

Cited by 57 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results ofthe present work have been compared to on-site measurements realized by the IES-UPM during the last years on more than 200 MW of PV modules equipping solar plants in Spain, Italy and France [28]. Among the modules manufacturers present on more than 25 installations ofthe datábase of BDPV, it was possible to identify 9 that were also measured by the IES-UPM.…”

Section: Validation Ofthe Results Against On-site Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Other authors have reported the real nominal power of PV modules to be on average 5% inferior to the nominal power stated by their manufacturer [28,31]. Globally, those differences between real power and nominal power suggest that it is profitable to implement quality control procedures to verify and improve the quality ofPV systems [32,33].…”

Section: Taue3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soiling losses typically account for 3% [21,22]. The average in verter has a yield 2% lower than the high quaíity in verter that equips the reference system [27], PV generator mismatch and wiring losses can typically be 2% higher than in the reference system [28]. Shading can lead to important energy losses in some cases.…”

Section: Taue3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

Leloux

Narvarte

Trebosc³

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Residential PV system Energy production Performance Ratio Performance Index CIS HIT PI FranceThe main objective of this paper is to review the state of the art of residential PV systems in France. This is done analyzing the operational data of 6868 installations. Three main questions are posed. How much energy do they produce? What level of performance is associated to their production? Which are the key parameters that most influence their quality? During the year 2010, the PV systems in France have produced a mean annual energy of 1163 kWh/kW p . As a whole, the orientation of PV generators causes energy productions to be some 7% inferior to optimally oriented PV systems. The mean Performance Ratio is 76% and the mean Performance Index is 85%. That is to say, the energy produced by a typical PV system in France is 15% inferior to the energy produced by a very high quality PV system. On average, the real power of the PV modules falls 4.9% below its corresponding nominal power announced on the manufacturer's datasheet. A brief analysis by PV modules technology has led to relevant observations about two technologies in particular. On the one hand, the PV systems equipped with heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) modules show performances higher than average. On the other hand, the systems equipped with the copper indium (di)selenide (CIS) modules show a real power that is 16% lower than their nominal valué.

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Section: Validation Ofthe Results Against On-site Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Taue3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

Leloux

Narvarte

Trebosc³

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…Voltage across the switch during the OFF state can be presented by Equation (23), which is depicted in Figure 7a. Current through the switch during the ON state can be expressed by Equation (24) which is shown in Figure 7b.…”

Section: Semi-z-source Inverter Working Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the use of transformer-less inverters reduces both the cost and size along with improved system efficiency. Some studies in particular [22,23] show that the transformer-less inverter increases the overall system efficiency by 2%. Besides, the requirement of galvanic isolation from low voltage utility grid becomes almost obsolete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Phase Doubly Grounded Semi-Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

2014

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Abstract:In this paper, a single phase doubly grounded semi-Z-source inverter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed for photovoltaic (PV) systems. This proposed system utilizes a single-ended primary inductor (SEPIC) converter as DC-DC converter to implement the MPPT algorithm for tracking the maximum power from a PV array and a single phase semi-Z-source inverter for integrating the PV with AC power utilities. The MPPT controller utilizes a fast-converging algorithm to track the maximum power point (MPP) and the semi-Z-source inverter utilizes a nonlinear SPWM to produce sinusoidal voltage at the output. The proposed system is able to track the MPP of PV arrays and produce an AC voltage at its output by utilizing only three switches. Experimental results show that the fast-converging MPPT algorithm has fast tracking response with appreciable MPP efficiency. In addition, the inverter shows the minimization of common mode leakage current with its ground sharing feature and reduction of the total harmonic distortion (THD) as well as DC current components at the output during DC-AC conversion.

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Reliable Measurement of Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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by electron/hole transporting materials through driving force generated from the energy level difference. Finally, the electrons and holes migrate to the external circuit and generate photocurrent and photovoltage.The current-voltage characteristic is a typical method to assess the performance of solar cells. During this process, bias voltage is changed stepwise and the corresponding photocurrent is measured simultaneously. The key parameters representing the devices performance can be given through this test, involving the shortcircuit current (I sc ) or current density (J sc ), open-circuit voltage (V oc ), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (η) and their relationship embodies in this formula P P I V P A J V P FF FF m in sc oc in aperture sc oc in η = = =where P in is the irradiance of the incident light received by the test cell, P m is the maximum output power of this cell, and A aperture is the aperture area for the incident light. The test results are susceptible to external conditions such as light source and temperature. Taking temperature as an example, as a typical semiconductor, the performance of solar cell will change linearly in the close vicinity of room temperature and for silicon solar cell, this temperature coefficient for power conversion efficiency is around −0.045% °C −1 .[8] Therefore, deviations from standard conditions will surely cause aberration in measurement results, which leads to the difficulties in analyzing data from different groups or even the same group at different time and undermine the value of researchers' great efforts. Inspirational reviews or critical comments have been made for dye-sensitized solar cells and organic photovoltaics, both of which have developed for decades. [9,10] With regard to PSC, the hysteresis during the current-voltage characteristic measurement makes it even harder to get accurate photovoltaic parameters. [11][12][13] In addition, nonstrict measurement will lead to poor reproducibility of published results. Therefore, strict and reliable measurement of PSCs is highly required. Actually, the standards for reliable measurement of solar cells have already been established by International Electrotechnical These standards have provided strict condition for irradiance, series resistance, temperature, etc. during test and have advanced with the development of new photovoltaic technologies.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone an incredibly fast development and attracted intense attention worldwide owing to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. However, it is challenging to make a reliable measurement of PSCs, which creates great difficulty for researchers to compare and reproduce published results. Herein, the major measurement methods and key factors affecting evaluation of PSCs are summarized, such as hysteresis in current-voltage measurement, calibration of solar simulators for less mismatch in spectra and light intensity, and the area for the calculation of current density and power conversion efficiency. PSCs are also ...

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On the testing of large PV arrays

Cited by 57 publications

References 9 publications

Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

A Single Phase Doubly Grounded Semi-Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Reliable Measurement of Perovskite Solar Cells

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