On the trophic fate of <i>Phaeocystis pouchetti</i> (Harriot). V. Trophic relationships between <i>Phaeocystis</i> and zooplankton: an assessment of methods and size dependence

Hansen, Benni Winding; Verity, Peter G.; Falkenhaug, Tone; Tande, Kurt S.; Norrbin, Fredrika

doi:10.1093/plankt/16.5.487

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…We measured fecal pellet production of A. tonsa when fed either solitary cells or colonies (22,000 cells per ml; n ϭ 8). Fecal pellet production is used as a proxy for ingestion rates for copepods, including A. tonsa (45) and avoids overestimating grazing based on colony or colony cell counts when grazers physically or chemically affect colony formation (46). Had we used direct measures of apparent cell removal, cues from copepods would have suppressed colony formation thereby leading us to overestimate colonies lost to grazing and underestimate grazing on solitary cells (26).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical cues induce consumer-specific defenses in a bloom-forming marine phytoplankton

Long

Smalley

Barsby

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

133

142

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Blooms of the phytoplankton Phaeocystis can comprise 85% of total production and generate major biogeochemical signals across broad oceanic regions. The success of Phaeocystis may result from its ability to change size by many orders of magnitude when it shifts from small cells of 4 -6 m to large colonies of up to 30,000 m in diameter. Single cells are consumed by ciliates but not copepods, whereas colonies are consumed by copepods but not ciliates. We demonstrate that chemical cues associated with each of these grazers induce consumer-specific, but opposing, morphological transformations in the bloom-forming species Phaeocystis globosa. Chemical cues from grazing copepods suppress colony formation by a significant 60 -90%, a response that should be adaptive because copepods feed four times more on colonies versus solitary cells. In contrast, chemical cues from grazing ciliates enhance colony formation by >25%, a response that should be adaptive because ciliates grow three times faster when fed solitary cells versus colonies. Because size-selective predation fundamentally alters community structure and ecosystem function, this chemically cued shift may redirect energy and nutrients from food webs supporting fisheries to those fueling detrital pathways, thus potentially altering ecosystem-level processes such as productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient release.chemical signaling ͉ consumer-prey interaction ͉ inducible defense ͉ Phaeocystis ͉ size-selective predation

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical cues induce consumer-specific defenses in a bloom-forming marine phytoplankton

Long

Smalley

Barsby

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

133

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At least 100 copepodites of each species were counted in subsamples under a Wild Heerbrug dissecting m.icroscope. Ca 25 copepods of each stage and sex to be analysed for gonad maturation were sorted out, stained in ethanolic borax carmine, dehydrated and placed in cedar oil (Norrbin 1991(Norrbin , 1994) Based on gonad maturation, Stage V copepodites of Pseudocalanus acuspes were recorded as immature or maturing individuals. In l ?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dcuspes copepodites, immature gonads are visible only as narrow strips, while maturing gonads are larger, with clearly vislble gonoducts. Several maturity stages can be distinguished in Acartia longiremis females (Norrbin 1994). In immature females, only the multiplication zone of the ovary is visible, but not the oviducts (I).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young A. longiremis copepodites are smaller relative to the adults than the corresponding stages of l? acuspes (Norrbin 1994), and store much less fat (Norrbin et al 1990). Species of Acartia seem to require a more nutritious phytoplankton medium than other copepods (Paffenhofer & Stearns 1988), while Pseudocalanus spp.…”

Section: Correspondence Between Predictions and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latitudinal differentiation in the response to day length as a trigger for resting egg production in Labidocera aestiva (Marcus 1984) demonstrates that this is not necessarily true. In North Norwegian fjords and the southern Barents Sea, copepod development and reproductive activity cease long before the autumn decline in primary production (Tande & Hopkins 1981, Norrbin 1991, 1994. This could be triggered by rapidly changing day lengths in late summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of diapause in relation to the onset of winter in the high-latitude copepods Pseudocalanus acuspes and Acartia longiremis

Mf¹

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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It is proposed that the timing of overwintering diapause in multivoltine, marine copepods is optimised as in insects and limnic copepods. Theoretical models state that resting should begin a period equivalent to 1 generation before the environment becomes unfavourable. Computer simulations and field studies have shown this to apply to insects and limnic copepods. The present paper tests and discusses the model predictions in relation to seasonal environ~nental changes and life history events for populations of Pseudocalanus acuspes (Giesbrecht, 1881) and Acartia longiremis Lilljeborg in North Norwegian fjords. These copepods switch from developing populations, with normally developing gonads, to resting populations, with immature gonads, within a few weeks in early fall. Phytoplankton abundance and primary production decline later in the fall.

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Zooplankton grazing on Phaeocystis: a quantitative review and future challenges

Nejstgaard¹,

Tang²,

Steinke³

et al. 2007

Phaeocystis, Major Link in the Biogeochemical Cycling of Climate-Relevant Elements

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On the trophic fate of Phaeocystis pouchetti (Harriot). V. Trophic relationships between Phaeocystis and zooplankton: an assessment of methods and size dependence

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical cues induce consumer-specific defenses in a bloom-forming marine phytoplankton

Chemical cues induce consumer-specific defenses in a bloom-forming marine phytoplankton

Timing of diapause in relation to the onset of winter in the high-latitude copepods Pseudocalanus acuspes and Acartia longiremis

Zooplankton grazing on Phaeocystis: a quantitative review and future challenges

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