2021
DOI: 10.3390/jcs5030068
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On the Use of Mechano-Chemically Modified Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) as Recycled and Sustainable Filler in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Composites

Abstract: The management of end-of-life tires (ELTs) is one of the main environmental issues that society faces nowadays. Recycling of ELTs appears as one feasible option for tackling the problem, although their incorporation as ground tire rubber (GTR) in other rubber matrices is limited due to poor compatibility. In this research, we report a successful combination of a cryo-grinding process with a chemical treatment for modifying the surface of GTR. Various cryo-grinding protocols were studied until a particle size o… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…The development of SSA of GTR A and GTR H samples can be also seen on the images from an optical ( Figure 3 ) and a scanning electron microscope ( Figure 4 ). The activated GTR particles (GTR A) have more surface cracks and furrows as a result of the treatment, indicating their strong oxidation [ 33 ]. The surface of the GTR samples modified applying silane treatment (GTR M) becomes smoothed ( Figure 4 ) and has a BET surface area of 0.0402 ± 0.0070 m 2 /g.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The development of SSA of GTR A and GTR H samples can be also seen on the images from an optical ( Figure 3 ) and a scanning electron microscope ( Figure 4 ). The activated GTR particles (GTR A) have more surface cracks and furrows as a result of the treatment, indicating their strong oxidation [ 33 ]. The surface of the GTR samples modified applying silane treatment (GTR M) becomes smoothed ( Figure 4 ) and has a BET surface area of 0.0402 ± 0.0070 m 2 /g.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Insufficient interactions between GTR particles and the rubber matrix make mechanical properties of vulcanizates containing GTR deteriorate. The results presented in Figure 10 demonstrate that even without further grinding, the GTR particles of such a big size (the particle size of GTRs strongly influence the mechanical properties of SBR vulcanizates [ 33 ]) could be used as a filler in rubber vulcanizates in undemanding applications. It seems likely that it could replace, to some extent, carbon black in rubber mix compositions, favoring the management of rubber waste.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the values of loss factor were higher at a higher magnetic flux density. The increment of strain and magnetic flux density might lead to the occurrence of a micro-particle structure, in which the segment motion offered by the CIPs is hindered leading to the increment of loss factor at the filler-matrix interface [45]. Previously, as shown in Figure 1d, the interface changes occurred during the thermal aging as these chains have the ability to move towards each other [46].…”
Section: Rheological Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…However, this definition is somehow misleading, since it is commonly used to describe any process that aims to obtain a rubber compound that can be processed and vulcanized similarly to pristine rubber, regardless of whether the crosslinks or the main chain are broken. Currently, devulcanization is being approached by thermal, mechanical [ 16 ], chemical [ 17 ], biological, microwave [ 18 ], and ultrasonic techniques, as well as their combinations (e.g., thermo-chemical, thermo-mechanical, and mechano-chemical) [ 5 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Devulcanized products are very diverse and mainly distinguished by having different degrees of network breakage with the subsequent crosslink rupture and main chain scissions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%