Sterically encumbered ferrocenium salts with four, five, or six tert-butyl substituents and a variety of counteranions ([BF 4 ] -, [SbF 6 ] -, and [PF 6 ] -) were prepared. The electronic structures of these materials were investigated by various physical techniques including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Mössbauer spectroscopy and solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements. Spin-orbit coupling and low-symmetry distortions split the electronic ground states ( 2 E 2g ) in these compounds into two Kramers doublet states (Ψ a and Ψ b ); the energy difference between these states was evaluated by EPR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements and decreases with increasing steric demand at the ferrocenium