On the Vulnerabilities Due to Manipulative Zero-Stealthy Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems

Shinohara, Takumi; Namerikawa, Toru

doi:10.9746/jcmsi.10.563

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…An attacker can even freeze one sensor measurement in a PLC, misleading in this way the operator (Krotofil et al, 2014). It is even possible to modify the sensor measurement and trigger a faulty safety alarm (Shinohara & Namerikawa, 2017). The navigation computer systems can be infected using SQL injections (DNV GL, 2016;Flaus, 2019) and the ship navigation systems have been proved vulnerable to malware installations (Wingrove, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety related cyber-attacks identification and assessment for autonomous inland ships

Bolbot¹,

Theotokatos²,

Boulougouris³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) and European STAMP Workshop and C

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Recent advances in the maritime industry include the research and development of new sophisticated ships including the autonomous ships. The new autonomy concept though comes at the cost of additional complexity introduced by the number of systems that need to be installed onboard and onshore , the software intensiveness of the complete system, the involved interactions between the systems, components and humans and the increased connectivity. All the above results in the increased system vulnerability to cyber-attacks, which may lead to unavailability or hazardous behaviour of the critical ship systems. The aim of this study is the identification of the safety related cyber-attacks to the navigation and propulsion systems of an inland autonomous ship as well as the safety enhancement of the ship systems design. For this purpose, the Cyber Preliminary Hazard Analysis method is employed supported by the literature review of the system vulnerabilities and potential cyber-attacks. The Formal Safety Assessment risk matrix is employed for ranking of the hazardous scenarios. The results demonstrate that a number of critical scenarios can arise on the investigated autonomous vessel due to the known vulnerabilities. These can be sufficiently controlled by introducing appropriate modifications of the system design.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety related cyber-attacks identification and assessment for autonomous inland ships

Bolbot¹,

Theotokatos²,

Boulougouris³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) and European STAMP Workshop and C

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show abstract

“…In a power network, the state estimation problem in the steady-state aims to estimate the state (the vector consisting of the bus phase angles) from the measured value (the vector consisting of active power flow measurements). In state estimation of steadystate power networks, a false data injection (FDI) attack that cannot be detected from the residual (i.e., the difference between the observed and estimated values) is well known [4], [6], [11], [14]. FDI attacks can be realized by attacking multiple sensors simultaneously under the assumption that an attacker knows the structure (i.e., the sensor placement) of a given power network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Distributed State Estimation of Power Networks

Obata

Kobayashi

Yamashita

2023

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

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In a power network, it is important to detect a cyber attack. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting false data injection (FDI) attacks in distributed state estimation. An FDI attack is well known as one of the typical cyber attacks in a power network. As a method of FDI attack detection, we consider calculating the residual (i.e., the difference between the observed and estimated values). In the proposed detection method, the tentative residual (estimated error) in ADMM (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), which is one of the powerful methods in distributed optimization, is applied. First, the effect of an FDI attack is analyzed. Next, based on the analysis result, a detection parameter is introduced based on the residual. A detection method using this parameter is then proposed. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated through a numerical example on the IEEE 14-bus system.

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“…One challenge to a secure operation of CPS is identifying the vulnerabilities due to malicious attacks and developing countermeasures against them [8]- [12]. To be honest, however, while IoT (Internet of Things) devices have increased, cyber incidents are also increasing, and it is generally difficult to ensure the security of all sensors or devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reach Set-Based Secure State Estimation against Sensor Attacks with Interval Hull Approximation

Shinohara

Namerikawa

2018

SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration

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This paper deals with the problem of secure state estimation in an adversarial environment with the presence of bounded noises. The problem is given as min-max optimization, that is, the system operator seeks an optimal estimate which minimizes the worst-case estimation error due to the manipulation by the attacker. To derive the optimal estimate, taking the reach set of the system into account, we first show that the feasible set of the state can be represented as a union of polytopes, and the optimal estimate is given as the Chebyshev center of the union. Then, for calculating the optimal state estimate, we provide a convex optimization problem that utilizes the vertices of the union. On the proposed estimator, the estimation error is bounded even if the adversary corrupts any subset of sensors. For the sake of reducing the calculation complexity, we further provide another estimator which resorts to the interval hull approximation of the reach set and properties of zonotopes. This approximated estimator is able to reduce the complexity without degrading the estimation accuracy sorely. Numerical comparisons and examples finally illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimators.

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On the Vulnerabilities Due to Manipulative Zero-Stealthy Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Safety related cyber-attacks identification and assessment for autonomous inland ships

Safety related cyber-attacks identification and assessment for autonomous inland ships

Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Distributed State Estimation of Power Networks

Reach Set-Based Secure State Estimation against Sensor Attacks with Interval Hull Approximation

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