On the wet removal of gaseous and particulate sulfur and nitrogen species from the atmosphere

Mészáros, E.; Szentimrei, T.

doi:10.1007/bf00130751

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These values are very similar to the δ 15 N‐NH 4 + of the Bermuda rainwater measurements, which ranged from −12.5 to 0.7‰ with an average of −5.5‰. Assuming 25 to 100% scavenging of the NH 4 + (p) results in a 55 to 83% contribution of NH 4 + (p) to the total concentration of rainwater NH 4 + , this is consistent with previous estimates, which range from 60 to 90% [ Mészáros and Szentimrei , ; Shimshock and De Pena , ]. Measurements of the rain scavenging ratios for NH 3(g) and NH 4 + (p) are difficult due to the difficulties in accurately measuring ambient NH 3(g) concentrations, however, large variations (orders of magnitude) have been observed in daily scavenging ratios [ Kasper‐Giebl et al ., ]; thus, we allow for a large range in the model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonium source in rainwater at Bermuda

Altieri

Hastings

Peters

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Emissions of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) to the atmosphere have increased tenfold since preindustrial times, resulting in increased N deposition to terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. The sources of N deposition to the ocean, however, are poorly understood. Two years of event-based rainwater samples were collected on the island of Bermuda in the western North Atlantic, which experiences both continent-and ocean-influenced air masses. The rainwater ammonium concentration ranged from 0.36 to 24.6 μM, and the ammonium δ 15 N from À12.5 to 0.7‰; and neither has a strong relationship with air mass history (6.0 ± 4.2 μM, À4.1 ± 2.6‰ in marine air masses and 5.9 ± 3.2 μM, À5.8 ± 2.5‰ in continental air masses; numerical average ± standard deviation). A simple box model suggests that the ocean can account for the concentration and isotopic composition of ammonium in marine rainwater, consistent with the lack of correlation between ammonium δ 15 N and air mass history. If so, ammonium deposition reflects the cycling of N between the ocean and the atmosphere, rather than representing a net input to the ocean. The δ 15 N data appear to require that most of the ammonium/a flux to the ocean is by dissolution in surface waters rather than atmospheric deposition. This suggests that the atmosphere and surface ocean are near equilibrium with respect to air/sea gas exchange, implying that anthropogenic ammonia will equilibrate near the coast and not reach the open marine atmosphere. Whereas~90% of the ammonium deposition to the global ocean has previously been attributed to anthropogenic sources, the evidence at Bermuda suggests that the anthropogenic contribution could be much smaller.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonium source in rainwater at Bermuda

Altieri

Hastings

Peters

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…This point is further illustrated by the wide range of conclusions reached by the researchers estimating the proportion of the total ammonia deposition contributed by below-cloud scav-enging: Shimshock and de Pena [29]: 10%; Meszaros and Szentimrei [34]: 26-74%; and Aneja et al [35]: 15%.…”

Section: Validation and Application Of The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Renard

Calidonna

Henley³

2004

Journal of Hazardous Materials

141

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“…With the essential assumption that lead resides in submicron particles and is scavenged by cloud and precipitation with the same efficiency that aerosol sulfate is, these measurements allow the sulfate appearing in the precipitation sample to be resolved into contributions from precloud aerosol sulfate and from in-cloud SOs oxidation. The method follows that of Meszaros and Szentimrei (1985) except that individual events were sampled with particular attention paid to the meteorology prevailing at the time.…”

Section: Sulfate Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation of the Pennsylvania State University in the MAP3S precipitation chemistry network. Final report

Lamb¹,

Pena²

1992

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The Meteorology Department of the Pennsylvania State University collected precipitation in central Pennsylvania for more than 14 years on behalf of the Multistate Atmospberic Power Production Pollution Study (MAP3S). The MAP3S protocol, based on the sampling of precipitation from individual meteorological events over a long period of time, has allowed both for the development of a chemical climatology of precipitation in the eastern region of the United States and for a vastly improved understanding of the atmospheric processes responsible for wet acidic deposition. The precipitation chemistry data from the Penn State MAP3S site provide evidence of links to the anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide and oxidant precursors. There is now little doubt that the free acidity in the precipitation of the region is due to the presence of unneutralized sulfate in the aqueous phase In the absence of significant sources of this sulfur species and in view of supplemental enrichment studies, it is concluded that the sulfate enters cloud and rain water primarily through the aqueous-phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide emitted into the air within the geographical region of deposition. Within the source region the local abundances of sulfur dioxide often exceed those of the oxidants, so the depositions of sulfate and free acidity tend to be modulated by the availability of the strong oxidants. As a consequence, the deposition of sulfate exhibits a very strong seasonal dependence and little response to changes in the emissions of sulfur dioxide.

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On the wet removal of gaseous and particulate sulfur and nitrogen species from the atmosphere

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonium source in rainwater at Bermuda

Isotopic evidence for a marine ammonium source in rainwater at Bermuda

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Participation of the Pennsylvania State University in the MAP3S precipitation chemistry network. Final report

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