On whistler mode wave scattering from density irregularities in the upper ionosphere

Abstract

[1] This work concerns the problem of a whistler mode wave exit to the ground. After propagation in the magnetosphere a wave, in general, falls on the ionosphere with the angle of incidence outside the transmission cone. Such waves do not reach the Earth experiencing total internal reflection at the atmosphere-ionosphere boundary. To explain wave exit to the ground, we follow up on the idea of wave scattering on small-scale irregularities in the ionosphere. Interaction with these irregularities excites harmonics inside the transmission cone. Using the Green function method, we derive an integral equation for the wavefield containing all modes possible for a given frequency, solve this equation in the Born approximation, and obtain an expression for the energy flux of the waves which were scattered into the transmission cone.

Penetration of lower hybrid current drive waves in tokamaks

“…The anisotropic x-ray spectrum from the plasma is a primary diagnostic tool. 23 The eigenvectors from Eqs.…”

Whistler interaction with field‐aligned density irregularities in the ionosphere: Refraction, diffraction, and interference

“…Much prior research has considered the interaction of whistler mode VLF waves (whistlers) with irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable to the electron inertial length [ Bell and Ngo , ; Bamber et al , ; Shklyar and Washimi , ; Huang et al , ; Eliasson and Papadopoulos , ; Kuzichev , ]. Such interactions are known to produce linear coupling between the whistler and lower hybrid wave modes, resulting in a diminution of whistler wave power.…”