Oncogenic herpesvirus infections of animals

Biggs, P. M.

doi:10.1136/jcp.25.suppl_6.65

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In respect of biological properties, the invocation of latent infection as a hallmark of HVs (Roizman & Pellett 2001) raises the question of whether this is true of the family Alloherpesviridae. The best evidence comes from studies of the Lucké tumor, in which RaHV1 nucleic acid and proteins have been demonstrated in non-infectious, virus-free tumor tissue that, upon temperature manipulation, can yield infectious virus (Biggs 1972, Naegele & Granoff 1980, Tweedell 1989. Moreover, evidence for a long-term carrier state, which may or may not involve latency, has been described in several fish HVs, including IcHV1 (Wise et al 1985, Boyle & Blackwell 1991, Baek & Boyle 1996, Gray et al 1999, Thompson et al 2005, SalHV2 (Gou et al 1991, Kimura & Yoshimizu 1998), CyHV1 (Sano et al 1993), AngHV1 (van Nieuwstadt et al 2001, Shih 2004, and CyHV3 (Adkison et al 2005, Bercovier et al 2005, St-Hilaire et al 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships in the family Alloherpesviridae

Waltzek¹,

Kelley²,

Alfaro³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

130

146

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Phylogenetic relationships among herpesviruses (HVs) of mammals, birds, and reptiles have been studied extensively, whereas those among other HVs are relatively unexplored. We have reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among 13 fish and amphibian HVs using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of amino acid sequences predicted from parts of the DNA polymerase and terminase genes. The relationships among 6 of these viruses were confirmed using the partial DNA polymerase data plus the complete sequences of the terminase, helicase, and triplex protein genes; the position of these viruses among all other sequenced HVs was also investigated using the complete terminase gene. The results established the monophyly of the fish and amphibian HVs (Alloherpesviridae) separate from the HVs of mammals, birds, and reptiles (Herpesviridae) and the single recognized HV of bivalve mollusks (Malacoherpesviridae) in the order Herpesvirales. Two major clades in the family Alloherpesviridae were recognized: one consisting of viruses from cyprinid and anguillid hosts and the other of viruses from ictalurid, salmonid, acipenserid, and ranid hosts. A comparison of virus and host phylogenies suggested that closely related HVs in this family may have coevolved with their hosts, whereas significant codiversification was not apparent for the more distantly related viruses.KEY WORDS: Alloherpesviridae · Fish herpesviruses · Frog herpesviruses · Phylogeny · Coevolution· DNA polymerase · Terminase Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 84: [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194] 2009 pesviridae, divided into the subfamilies Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae) containing mammalian, avian, and reptilian viruses, one (Alloherpesviridae) containing fish and amphibian viruses, and one (Malacoherpesviridae) containing a single virus, OsHV1. The taxonomic structure of the family Herpesviridae has been well established phylogenetically, and the viruses are characterized by approximately 43 homologous genes that were presumably inherited from a common ancestor (McGeoch et al. 2006). The erection of the 2 new families was driven by the findings that these viruses are but tenuously related to the fish and amphibian HVs, which share at least 13 homologous genes with each other (Aoki et al. 2007), and that OsHV1 is related only marginally to all other HVs (Davison et al. 2005b). Indeed, the best, and perhaps only, sequence-based evidence supporting a common ancestry for all HVs resides in a single gene, that encoding the putative ATPase subunit of terminase (hereafter terminase; an enzyme complex involved in packaging DNA into capsids), in which 5 regions are conserved (Davison 1992(Davison , 2002. This protein is also conserved to a lesser extent in T4-like bacteriophages in the family Myoviridae (Davison 1992). Indeed, the perceived utilization of a similar enzyme complex for packaging DNA into preformed capsids...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships in the family Alloherpesviridae

Waltzek¹,

Kelley²,

Alfaro³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

130

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…HHV-6A/B are unique among human herpesviruses in their ability to integrate into the telomeres of chromosomes as a form of latency. They share significant homology with a neoplastic avian alpha herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV), which also integrates into the subtelomeric region of the chromosome and causes an aggressive T-cell lymphoma and immunosuppression in domestic chickens ( 102 , 103 ). Approximately 1% of the world's population carries inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6), with the full genome integrated into the subtelomeric region of the chromosome in every nucleated cell ( 104 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus 6 and Malignancy: A Review

et al. 2018

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In order to determine the role of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in human disease, several confounding factors, including methods of detection, types of controls, and the ubiquitous nature of the virus, must be considered. This is particularly problematic in the case of cancer, in which rates of detection vary greatly among studies. To determine what part, if any, HHV-6 plays in oncogenesis, a review of the literature was performed. There is evidence that HHV-6 is present in certain types of cancer; however, detection of the virus within tumor cells is insufficient for assigning a direct role of HHV-6 in tumorigenesis. Findings supportive of a causal role for a virus in cancer include presence of the virus in a large proportion of cases, presence of the virus in most tumor cells, and virus-induced in-vitro cell transformation. HHV-6, if not directly oncogenic, may act as a contributory factor that indirectly enhances tumor cell growth, in some cases by cooperation with other viruses. Another possibility is that HHV-6 may merely be an opportunistic virus that thrives in the immunodeficient tumor microenvironment. Although many studies have been carried out, it is still premature to definitively implicate HHV-6 in several human cancers. In some instances, evidence suggests that HHV-6 may cooperate with other viruses, including EBV, HPV, and HHV-8, in the development of cancer, and HHV-6 may have a role in such conditions as nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, glial tumors, and oral cancers. However, further studies will be required to determine the exact contributions of HHV-6 to tumorigenesis.

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