Oncolytic vaccinia virus: a silver bullet?

Myxoma and Vaccinia Viruses Bind Differentially to Human Leukocytes

“…VACV, which was used as a live-attenuated vaccine for the eradication of smallpox, has been extensively studied as the prototypic representative of the poxvirus family. VACV has also been developed as an oncolytic agent and is currently being tested in various clinical trials as an oncolytic virotherapeutic for the treatment of end-stage cancers, such as liver cancer or cancer that has metastasized to the liver (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). A second poxvirus with demonstrated oncolytic potential is myxoma virus (MYXV), which belongs to the genus Leporipoxvirus (8)(9)(10).…”

Oncolytic viruses: From bench to bedside with a focus on safety

“…127,128 JX-594 (tk gene deleted, GM-CSF expressing VV Wyeth; Pexa-Vec) 129 has been evaluated in phase I-II clinical trials for patients with metastatic melanoma, (primary) liver tumors, lung, colorectal and various other solid cancer types. GLV-1h68 (GL-ONC1) is currently being investigated in several phase I clinical trials.…”

Unlocking the Promise of Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma: Combination With Chemotherapy to Enhance Efficacy

“…vvDD is vaccinia growth factor deficient, acting in concert with tk deletion to limit viral infection to tumor cells [16]. JX-594 is a vector expressing GMCSF to enhance the induced immune response [16].…”

“…vvDD is vaccinia growth factor deficient, acting in concert with tk deletion to limit viral infection to tumor cells [16]. JX-594 is a vector expressing GMCSF to enhance the induced immune response [16]. The GL-ONC1 vector expresses β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase, each of which may play a role in stimulation of the host immune response [16].…”

“…JX-594 is a vector expressing GMCSF to enhance the induced immune response [16]. The GL-ONC1 vector expresses β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase, each of which may play a role in stimulation of the host immune response [16]. Vaccinia has shown oncolytic activity against GBM cell lines, and has resulted in tumor regression and prolonged survival in mice [44,45].…”