One Biologist's View of Morphometrics

Oxnard, Charles

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.001251

Cited by 86 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…In early morphometric studies, biological shapes were most often characterized by means of a single measurement or a small number of measurements (Howells, 1969;Oxnard, 1978). With the introduction of multivariate techniques, the number of measurements could increase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences between sliding semi‐landmark methods in geometric morphometrics, with an application to human craniofacial and dental variation

2006

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Over the last decade, geometric morphometric methods have been applied increasingly to the study of human form. When too few landmarks are available, outlines can be digitized as series of discrete points. The individual points must be slid along a tangential direction so as to remove tangential variation, because contours should be homologous from subject to subject whereas their individual points need not. This variation can be removed by minimizing either bending energy (BE) or Procrustes distance (D) with respect to a mean reference form. Because these two criteria make different assumptions, it becomes necessary to study how these differences modify the results obtained. We performed bootstrapped-based Goodall's F -test, Foote's measurement, principal component (PC) and discriminant function analyses on human molars and craniometric data to compare the results obtained by the two criteria. Results show that: (1) F -scores and P -values were similar for both criteria; (2) results of Foote's measurement show that both criteria yield different estimates of within-and between-sample variation; (3) there is low correlation between the first PC axes obtained by D and BE; (4) the percentage of correct classification is similar for BE and D, but the ordination of groups along discriminant scores differs between them. The differences between criteria can alter the results when morphological variation in the sample is small, as in the analysis of modern human populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a biological viewpoint, the use of landmarks may not be sufficient because they cannot describe some biological forms and patterns (Oxnard, 1978). Further information may be obtained by increasing the number of point coordinates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between sliding semi‐landmark methods in geometric morphometrics, with an application to human craniofacial and dental variation

2006

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“…The robustness of PCA increases with a larger sample size per population, and its ability to detect differences between populations can be improved by using more variables that describe differences in shape. Using different variables has been given as a major reason why independent analysts obtain different results (Oxnard 1978). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological variation in the shells ofPlacostylusspecies (Gastropoda: Bulimulidae) in New Zealand and implications for their conservation

Sherley

1996

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Shell morphologies of five extant populations of Placostylus bollonsi, 12 of P. ambagiosus, and one of P. hongii from three locations in the far north of New Zealand (Three Kings Islands, Te Paki, and Whangaruru North Head Scenic Reserve), were compared. Overall, little difference between populations could be detected within the species P. bollonsi and P. ambagiosus using a Principal Components Analysis on 10 or 14 shell characters. Only the West Island population of P. bollonsi seemed morphologically distinct from the remaining populations also endemic to the Three Kings Islands group. Although there were many differences between individual populations and subspecies of P. ambagiosus and P. hongii, taken collectively, there were only three coarse groups: (1) P. a. whareana; (2) P. a. michiei, P. a. pandora, P. a. paraspiritus; and (3) P. a. watti, P. a. annectens, P. a. keenorum, P. a. leslyae, P. a. consobrinus, P. a. ambagiosus, P. a. "nouvelle", P. hongii. The results agreed only in part with a study on the allozymes of many of the same populations, and differed in many respects from other studies on Placostylus she.ll morphology. It was concluded that investment into the conservation of the genus should take a conservative approach and reflect the greater array of geographically and genetically distinct forms rather than the fewer discrete morphological forms based on shell characters identified in this study.

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“…Морфолошка истраживања представљају област биолошких истраживања у којима се квантитативним анализама описује облик и величина неког морфолошког ентитета, бића, или појединачне карактеристике (Oksnard, 1978). Детаљна анализа морфолошких карактера веома је важан критеријум за систематско разликовање животиња, а такође је неопходна и за озбиљнија проучавања у свим областима биолошких наука (Radovanović, 1951).…”

Section: увOдunclassified

MOРФOЛOШКA ВAРИJAБИЛНOСT И ПOЛНИ ДИMOРФИЗAM ШAРEНOГ ДAЖДEВЊAКA (Salamandra salamandra) ИЗ OКOЛИНE TEСЛИЋA

Ђурић¹,

Шукало²,

Голуб³

2017

SBERS

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This paper presents the information about morphological variability and sexual dimorphism of fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) in surrounding of Teslić. Field research have been performed during October 2012 and from March to May 2013 and in that period the total of 89 fire salamanders were caught, processed and marked (56 males and 33 females). On that occasion, 20 morphometric traits, body mass and one meristic character were 165nalysed and compared between sexes. By using t-test, it was noted that there are significant differences between the sexes for snout-vent length, cloacal length and body mass. In terms of meristic characteristics, we 165nalysed the number of costal grooves from left and right body side and it varied from eight to 12. The individuals with 11 costal grooves were most numerous (44%), and the individuals with eight of them were least represented (2%). In terms of coloration of the dorsal body side, the largest number of individuals belonged to a group with diffusely scattered spots (32%), and when it comes to coloration of the ventral body side, the individuals with black stomach were most numerous (51%). Key words: fire salamander, morphometric characteristics, number of costal grooves, sex dimorphism, body coloration Сaжeтaк У рaду сe прeзeнтуjу пoдaци o мoрфoлoшкoj вaриjaбилнoсти и пoлнoм димoрфизму шaрeнoг дaждeвњaкa (Salamandra salamandra) из oкoлинe Teслићa. Teрeнскa истрaживaњa спрoвeдeнa су тoкoм oктoбрa 2012. гoдинe, тe мaртa, aприлa и мaja 2013. гoдинe. Укупнo je ухвaћeнo, прeмjeрeнo и мaркирaнo 89 jeдинки, oд чeгa 33 жeнкe и 56 мужjaкa. Toм приликoм aнaлизирaнa je мaсa тиjeлa, 20 мoрфoмeтриjских и jeднa мeристичкa кaрaктeристикa, тe je извршeнa кoмпaрaциja измeђу пoлoвa. Примjeнoм t-тeстa устaнoвљeнa je стaтистички знaчajнa рaзликa измeђу пoлoвa зa стaндaрдну дужину тиjeлa, дужину клoaкe и мaсу тиjeлa. Oд мeристичких кaрaктeрa aнaлизирaн je брoj нaбoрa сa лиjeвe и дeснe стрaнe тиjeлa, при чeму je уoчeнo дa брoj нaбoрa вaрирa oд 8 до 12. Нajзaступљeниje су билe jeдинкe сa 11 нaбoрa (44%), нajмaњe су билe зaступљeнe jeдинкe сa осам нaбoрa (2%), a зaпaжeнo je и присуствo aсимeтриje у брojу нaбoрa измeђу лиjeвe и дeснe стрaнe тиjeлa. У пoглeду oбojeнoсти дoрзaлнe стрaнe тиjeлa дoминирaлe су jeдинкe сa дифузнo рaсутим мрљaмa (32%), дoк су у пoглeду oбojeнoсти вeнтрaлнe стрaнe тиjeлa дoминирaлe jeдинкe сa црнoм oбojeнoшћу (51%).

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One Biologist's View of Morphometrics

Cited by 86 publications

References 118 publications

Differences between sliding semi‐landmark methods in geometric morphometrics, with an application to human craniofacial and dental variation

Differences between sliding semi‐landmark methods in geometric morphometrics, with an application to human craniofacial and dental variation

Morphological variation in the shells ofPlacostylusspecies (Gastropoda: Bulimulidae) in New Zealand and implications for their conservation

MOРФOЛOШКA ВAРИJAБИЛНOСT И ПOЛНИ ДИMOРФИЗAM ШAРEНOГ ДAЖДEВЊAКA (Salamandra salamandra) ИЗ OКOЛИНE TEСЛИЋA

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