In this paper, a novel method is proposed based on a windowed one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) for multiclass damage identification using vibration responses of a full-scale bridge. The measured data is first augmented by extracting samples of windows of raw acceleration time-series to alleviate the problem of a limited training dataset. 1D CNN is developed to classify the windowed time-series into multiple damage classes. The damage is quantified using the predicted class probabilities, and the damage is localized if the predicted class is equal to the assigned damage class, exceeding a threshold associated with majority voting. The proposed network is optimally tuned with respect to various hyper-parameters such as window size, random initialization of weights, etc., to achieve the best classification performance using a global 1D CNN model. The proposed method is validated using the Z24 bridge benchmark data for multiclass classification for two different damage scenarios, namely, pier settlement and rupture of tendons, 1Sony, September 22, 2021 under the various extent of the damage. The damage identification is carried out on various bridge components to collectively identify the structural component with a damaged signature. The resultsshow that the proposed windowed 1D CNN method achieves an accuracy of 97%, and performs well with different types of damage.