One-Pot Catalytic Conversion of Raw Lignocellulosic Biomass into Gasoline Alkanes and Chemicals over LiTaMoO₆ and Ru/C in Aqueous Phosphoric Acid

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable feedstock that has the potential to replace the diminishing fossil fuels. Herein, we reported the simultaneous conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from raw biomass into gasoline alkanes (hexanes and pentanes) and monophenols and related hydrocarbons over layered LiTaMoO 6 and Ru/C in aqueous phosphoric acid medium. Specifically, gasoline alkanes were directly yielded from the carbohydrate components, based on hemicellulose and cellulose, and the total yield could be up to 82.4%. Notably, the lignin fraction could also be transformed into monophenols, related alcohols and hydrocarbons by the one-pot reaction. It suggested that the hydrocracking of monophenol fraction could be performed in this catalytic system. The total yield of volatile products was 53% based on the lignin fraction. In this paper, the influences of phosphoric acid concentration, substrate ash and the amino acids derived from the biogenic impurities were investigated and different raw biomass substrates were tested. Furthermore, the catalysts could be reused for several runs to convert raw biomass without pretreatment.

Selective Cellulose Hydrogenolysis to Ethanol Using Ni@C Combined with Phosphoric Acid Catalysts

“…H 3 PO 4 acts as the acid catalyst for cellulose hydrolysis to glucose, and then as the "ligand" for furtherc onversion to the cyclic di-ester through interaction between PÀOH and hydroxy groups in glucose. [25][26][27] The CÀCa nd CÀOb onds of the glucosei ntermediate are cleaved selectively,f acilitating direct cellulose conversion to ethanol. The 69.1 %e thanol yield obtained in this study is comparable to the theoretical value of 66.7 %a chieved by glucose fermentation.T he average ethanol formationr ate is much highert han those obtained in previous studies (Table S1,S upporting Information).…”

Alcoholysis: A Promising Technology for Conversion of Lignocellulose and Platform Chemicals

“…However,t he formation of massive amountso fc har is almostu navoidable, owing to the occurrence of repolymerization of unsaturated decomposition products in water. [22] The emerging research shows that this severea nd irreversible repolymerization can be remarkably suppressed in alcoholic media, [23] which is referred to as alcoholysis technology.…”

Upgrading Biocrude of Grindelia Squarrosa to Jet Fuel Precursors by Aqueous Phase Hydrodeoxygenation

“…According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), up to 6 % of jet fuels will be produced from renewable resources by 2020, i. e., ∼1.38 billion gallons of bio‐ jet fuels annually . The conversion of biomass to advanced biofuels has been extensively studied . However, it is more challenging to develop biofuel blends for aviation compared to ground transportation fuels owing to the specifications of jet fuels …”

“…The oxygen atom in the cyclic ether ring is more of a challenge to remove. Supported Pd, Pt, Ru and Raney Ni are possible heterogeneous catalysts in hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions,, but Pd was reported as the most effective catalyst in HDO of cyclic ether compounds when combined with acidic catalysts in specific solvents …”