3515wileyonlinelibrary.com OER and HER catalysts based on the earth-abundant fi rst row transition metals (Fe, Co, and Ni, etc.) has received extensive research interest. [9][10][11][12][13] Although signifi cant progress has been achieved, great challenges remain for nonprecious catalysts to achieve activity and stability that are comparable to conventional precious metals. To this end, one promising approach is to develop multimetallic/carbon catalysts by taking advantage of abundant metal-metal and metal-carbon synergistic interactions to enhance the performance of nonprecious catalysts. [14][15][16] The NiFe (oxy)hydroxide-based catalysts are regarded as one of the best performing nonprecious OER electrocatalysts in alkaline solutions, [17][18][19][20][21] which can be synthesized by coupling with carbon nanotube or graphene to achieve better conductivity and synergistic effects via hydrothermal, [ 19,22 ] or electrodeposition onto gold, glassy carbon, and nickel foam, etc., conductive current collector substrates. [ 19,23,24 ] The high OER activities of NiFe catalysts are generally attributed to a strong synergistic effect upon the incorporation of Fe, even in trace amount, into NiOOH, although the complete mechanisms and structural characteristics are not yet fully understood. [ 19,23 ] NiFe catalysts also have been reported for HER in alkaline media, [ 25 ] although the synergistic effect for HER is not as signifi cant as that for OER, and the reported activity for HER is relatively low compared to state-of-the-art nonprecious HER catalysts. Nevertheless, using the same catalyst as both the anode and cathode in an electrolysis device is very attractive, which could not only signifi cantly improve the integration and simplifi cation of the water splitting system, but also provide the feasibility of industrial application of water splitting technology.Besides having an effi cient catalyst, rational design of catalyst structure is known to be crucial for improving the electrode performance. In pursuit of creating large surface area and high active site density, various attempts have been devoted to developing 3D nanostructured catalyst materials, [26][27][28] such as mesoporous NiFe nanosheets, [ 24 ] NiCo 2 O 4 nanosheets/halloysite nanotubes, [ 26 ] hierarchically structured carbon microfi bre, [ 29 ] and multilayered TiO 2 nanowire arrays. [ 30 ] Moreover, smart design of a catalyst with macroscopic structure onto conductive porous support (e.g., nickel foam) could afford
Bifunctional Porous NiFe/NiCo 2 O 4 /Ni Foam Electrodes with Triple Hierarchy and Double Synergies for Effi cient Whole Cell Water SplittingChanglong Xiao , Yibing Li , Xunyu Lu , and Chuan Zhao * A 3D hierarchical porous catalyst architecture based on earth abundant metals Ni, Fe, and Co has been fabricated through a facile hydrothermal and electrodeposition method for effi cient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrode is comprised of three levels of porous structures including the bottom su...