One-pot synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol using three-dimensional mesoporous silicates of K/TUD-1 under environmentally benign conditions

Arora, Shivali; Gosu, Vijayalakshmi; Subbaramaiah, Verraboina

doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111188

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…By considering this, the reusability of Co/MCM‐41 was investigated via reuse experiments (Figure 7E). The method implemented to reuse the spent catalyst was the same as that in Arora et al [ 21 ] without adopting any regeneration technique. Spent catalyst was washed with methanol, dried, and reused in the subsequent reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To describe the possible dual site catalytic process, the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson (LHHW) model was used. [ 55 ] The kinetic model Equation () was adopted as developed by Arora et al [ 21 ] for GLy and DMC transesterification. The elucidated derivation of Equation () is provided in the Supporting Information (SI, Appendix S1):

\frac{normald C_{GLy}}{dt} = \frac{k^{'} C_{GLy}}{{((), 1 + K_{GLy} C_{GLy} + K_{GLy} C_{GLy} + \frac{{normalC}_{GLc}}{{normalK}_{GLc}} + \frac{{normalC}_{normalM}}{{normalK}_{normalM}})}^{2}}; k^{'} = k_{SR} K_{GLy} K_{DMC} C_{DMC} C_{t}^{2}

The parity plot between the experimental data and simulated data of GLc and GLy is shown (Figure S1A,B in SI, Appendix S1), and an excellent fit with an error of 20% and 10%, respectively, was witnessed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic strength of the prepared catalyst was calculated by adopting the Hammett indicator method with phenolphthalein (H_ = 9.3), 2,4‐dinitroaniline (H_ = 15), and bromothymol blue (H_ = 7.8) as indicators. The method adopted for the quantification of basic sites was as described by Arora et al [ 21 ] Firstly, the catalyst was added to a solution containing methanol and indicator and left for 2 h. If colour change was observed, the catalyst was considered as stronger than the indicator; otherwise, it was weaker than the indicator. To quantify the number of basic sites, the solution was titrated with benzoic acid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure adopted for the transesterification of GLy to GLc was similar to that described by Arora et al [ 21 ] Typically, required amount of GLy and DMC was charged in round‐bottom flask and heated until the desired temperature was attained. The required catalyst was added into the reaction mixture and the reaction was proceeded for 2 h. The product was quantified by gas chromatography using pyridine as internal solvent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co₃O₄ nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk

et al. 2021

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A rice husk-derived MCM-41 catalyst has been synthesized, and active metal Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles were incorporated. The synthesized MCM-41 derived from rice husk exhibited highly ordered p6mm hexagonal symmetry. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalyst was investigated for glycerol carbonate (GLc) synthesis through transesterification of glycerol (GLy) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Experimentally, it was found that 5 wt.% cobalt incorporated MCM-41 activated at 400 C showed a higher yield of GLc, 60.2%, due to its optimum basicity. Approximately, 98.7 ± 1.2% GLy conversion and 94.1 ± 0.7% GLc yield was achieved with the batch reactor at adjusted conditions: a molar ratio of DMC-to-glycerol = 3, catalyst dosage = 6 wt.% (based on glycerol mass), reaction temperature = 90 C, and reaction time = 2 h. The transesterification reaction kinetics were also studied using the ODE 15s tool in MATLAB. The catalyst's activation energy was calculated as 58.2 ± 2.4 kJ/mol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

\frac{normald C_{GLy}}{dt} = \frac{k^{'} C_{GLy}}{{((), 1 + K_{GLy} C_{GLy} + K_{GLy} C_{GLy} + \frac{{normalC}_{GLc}}{{normalK}_{GLc}} + \frac{{normalC}_{normalM}}{{normalK}_{normalM}})}^{2}}; k^{'} = k_{SR} K_{GLy} K_{DMC} C_{DMC} C_{t}^{2}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co₃O₄ nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk

et al. 2021

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“…With the aim of exploring novel catalysts, in 2020, Arora et al [105] for the first time prepared a series of potassium incorporated three-dimensional mesoporous silica material (K/TUD-1) to be tested for the one-pot synthesis of GC through transesterification of glycerol with DMC. The catalyst showed a good basicity that favored the reaction.…”

Section: Mixed Oxide Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Procopio

Gioia

2022

Catalysts

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In recent years, the development of renewable energy alternatives to traditional fossil fuels has become one of the major challenges all over the world, due to the decline of fossil fuel reserves and their effect on global warming. Biodiesel has become a popular alternative energy source to reduce gas emissions compared to traditional fossil fuels. According to statistics, a nine-fold increase in global biofuel production between 2000 and 2020 was observed. However, its production generates a large amount of glycerol as a by-product, posing an environmental problem when disposed directly in landfills or by incineration. Therefore, low-value glycerol should be converted into high value-added derivatives. As glycerol carbonate is one of the most important derivatives of glycerol, this review aims to discuss the studies over the last ten years about glycerol carbonate synthetic methods, including the typical routes such as phosgene, esterification reaction, urea, oxidative and direct carbonylation as well as several rare synthetic procedures. At the same time, it summarizes the different catalytic reaction systems of each route comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts and evaluating their catalytic activity. Finally, the future development of glycerol carbonate synthesis is prospected from the point of view of development, technology research and industrialization.

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Glycerol as a Feedstock for Chemical Synthesis

Husna,

Tabak,

Yıldız

2024

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Glycerol, defined simply as a colorless, sweet syrupy liquid extracted from fatty substances through saponification, is an alcohol with three hydroxyl (OH–) groups in its structure. Glycerol has many uses in the consumer market. It is used primarily in personal care products, as an adhesive and sealing agent and many applications. Glycerol, whose name is propane‐1,2,3‐triol, standardized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), CHO open formula CH2OH–CHOH–CH2OH. It can be said that glycerol, a by‐product of biodiesel, is produced in very high quantities. Retention of the produced glycerol will lead to cost increases and environmental problems that may directly affect the development of the biodiesel market. Due to the supply of glycerol to the market in large quantities, glycerol prices have hit the bottom, and therefore, the income and profitability of biodiesel production factories from the sale of glycerol have decreased. This situation clearly shows that the excess of glycerol now poses an obstacle to developing the biodiesel market. This article aims to list the valuable chemicals into which glycerol, produced in large quantities as a biodiesel by‐product, can be converted under a single heading and to detail the studies carried out on this subject.

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One-pot synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol using three-dimensional mesoporous silicates of K/TUD-1 under environmentally benign conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co₃O₄ nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk

Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co₃O₄ nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk

An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Glycerol as a Feedstock for Chemical Synthesis

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One-pot synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol using three-dimensional mesoporous silicates of K/TUD-1 under environmentally benign conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co3O4 nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk

Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co3O4 nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk

An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Glycerol as a Feedstock for Chemical Synthesis

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Product

Resources

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Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co₃O₄ nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk

Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co₃O₄ nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk