One-Pot Synthesis of Polysaccharide–Diphenylalanine Ensemble with Gold Nanoparticles and Dye for Highly Efficient Detection of Glutathione

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Therefore, efficient detection of GSH is of great importance. In this study, we present a new and highly efficient ratiometric fluorescent biosensor through one-pot synthesis of coupling the self-assembly of polysaccharide (alginate dialdehyde, ADA)-dipeptide (diphenylalanine, FF) and in situ reduction of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) simultaneously encapsulating a dye (5-aminofluorescein, FI-NH 2 ) inside to form ADA-Au-FF-dye nanospheres. Because the fluorescence of the dye can be quenched by Au NPs and linearly recovered following the introduction of different GSH concentrations owing to nanometal surface energy transfer on and off, this new ADA-Au-FF-dye hybrid nanosphere-based sensor allows label-free and ratiometric detection of intracellular GSH and other biothiols in a wide linear range, which is of great significance for cancer diagnostics and therapy.

Green synthesis of polysaccharide-based inorganic nanoparticles and biomedical aspects

“…In a study by Li and colleagues, alginate dialdehyde, diphenylalanine, and AuNPs were used for the encapsulation of a fluorescent dye. The synthesized nano-sphere was then used successfully for the detection of intracellular bio thiols such as glutathione [132]. This approach may be used in future for the development of more efficient biosensors.…”

Preparation, Characterization and Application of Polysaccharide-Based Metallic Nanoparticles: A Review

“…In addition, MNPs coated with dextran provided possibilities in the measurement of amino acids and proteins such as cysteine and insulin with high sensitivity [ 175 , 176 ] and other applications in enzyme activity determination and large scale screening were also observed [ 177 , 178 ]. In some situations, fluorescent dyes could be introduced in the synthesis of PMNPs to improve their efficiency and this strategy could be an option for the future development of biosensors [ 179 ].…”

Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) Capped pH-Responsive Poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Brushes Grafted on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Nanocarrier

“…Cancer can proliferate indefinitely and migrate easily to normal tissues. The excessive metabolite accumulation of the biological microenvironment in cancerous tissues is different from normal tissues, leading to acidic and hypoxic features [ 2 , 3 ]. Multi-sensitive drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been designed and developed to selectively release drug molecules in the microenvironment of diseased tissues and significantly enhance anti-cancer activity [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”