One-Stage Nitritation/Anammox Process Using a Biofilm Reactor with Two-Inflow

Abstract

A new one-stage nitritation/anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process with two-inflow was proposed to provide suitable coexistence conditions for ammonium oxidation bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria. Reactor performances were examined using a two-inflow biofilm reactor fed with artificial ammonia-containing wastewater. For start-up, an anammox biofilm was cultivated in a wound filter set in the center of the reactor until the anammox process occurred stoichiometrically. Then, sponge media containing abundant AOB were added to the reactor, and aeration of the reactor began, also nitrite concentrations in the substrate decreased and the ammonium concentration increased gradually. Both anammox and nitritation occurred in the reactor. The maximum nitrogen removal efficiency achieved was 49%, the maximum ammonium conversion efficiency was 60%, and the maximum nitrogen removal rate was 0.228 kg-N/(m 3 ·d) at the nitrogen loading rate of 0.5 kg-N/ (m 3 ·d). It was estimated that ammonium oxidation (nitritation) occurred in the sponge; hence, the anammox reaction occurred in the biofilm attached to the filter.

Penyisihan Nitrogen dengan Proses Anammox Menggunakan Lumpur Muara Penjalinan Kota Padang sebagai Inokulum

“…Nitrogen anorganik adalah salah satu nutrisi utama di perairan asin yang dapat membatasi produktivitas produsen (Qian et al, 2018). Amonium dapat berasimilasi, tetapi dapat juga digunakan sebagai sumber energi ketika dioksidasi pertama kali menjadi nitrit dan kemudian menjadi nitrat dalam proses nitrifikasi (Zulkarnaini et al, 2018). Nitrit dan nitrat selanjutnya dapat direduksi menjadi gas nitrogen di zona suboksik dengan proses anammox atau denitrifikasi (Zulkarnaini et al, 2018).…”

“…Amonium dapat berasimilasi, tetapi dapat juga digunakan sebagai sumber energi ketika dioksidasi pertama kali menjadi nitrit dan kemudian menjadi nitrat dalam proses nitrifikasi (Zulkarnaini et al, 2018). Nitrit dan nitrat selanjutnya dapat direduksi menjadi gas nitrogen di zona suboksik dengan proses anammox atau denitrifikasi (Zulkarnaini et al, 2018). Saat ini sedikit informasi tentang bagaimana dan sejauh mana berbagai kelompok bakteri siklus nitrogen berkontribusi pada siklus biogeokimia nitrogen di ekosistem perairan asin (Zulkarnaini et al, 2018).…”

“…Nitrit dan nitrat selanjutnya dapat direduksi menjadi gas nitrogen di zona suboksik dengan proses anammox atau denitrifikasi (Zulkarnaini et al, 2018). Saat ini sedikit informasi tentang bagaimana dan sejauh mana berbagai kelompok bakteri siklus nitrogen berkontribusi pada siklus biogeokimia nitrogen di ekosistem perairan asin (Zulkarnaini et al, 2018). Pada tahun 2003, ditemukan bukti langsung berupa penemuan pertama bakteri anammox di cekungan anoksik terbesar di dunia yaitu Laut Hitam.…”

Anammox biofilm process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier

“…However, the UASB reactor has advantages compared to other reactors since no extra space is required and low construction and operating costs (Nathan and Scobell 2012). Inorganic supporting carrier is used to enhance nitro gen removal in anammox biofilm processes, such as non woven (Gao et al 2012), string wound filter (Zulkarnaini et al 2018), and polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate (PVASA) gel bead (Tuyen et al 2018). Utilization of in organic carrier is preferred to prevent the growth of het erotrophic bacteria that uses organic material as electron acceptors.…”

Nitrogen Removal in the Anammox Biofilm Reactor Using Palm Fiber as Carrier in Tropical Temperature Operation

“…Research related to the anammox process has been carried out with various operational variations such as the type of reactor used (Fluidized Bed Reactor, Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), Anaerobic Baffled Biofilm Reactor (ABBR) ), Gas Lift Reactor and other modifications; mode of operation (batch and continue), bacterial species (generally Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia), variations of substrate, temperature, pH, salinity, using supporting media (non-woven, membrane, sponge, bamboo charcoal, Polyvinyl Alcohol sodium Alginate Gel Beads, Acrylic Resin Material, Polyethylene Sponge Strips, Spherical Plastic, and string wound filter) (Zulkarnaini et al 2018). At present more than 114 anammox reactor operated in the world, most of them in Europe, China, and North of America (Ali and Okabe 2015) as sub-tropical countries.…”