One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolite X Powder from Natural Low-Grade Diatomite

Yao, Guangchun; Lei, Juying; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Sun, Zhiming; Zheng, Shuilin

doi:10.3390/ma11060906

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Type H 1 (Sing et al, 1985) narrow hysteresis loop, corresponding to the filling of well defined cylindrical pore channels, is observed at high relative pressures (from 0.9 to 0.99); average channel diameter calculated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method is 67 nm, by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method -58 (adsorption) and 53 (desorption) nm. The loop observed in the synthesized zeolite NaX is different from the wide hysteresis loops described for some synthetic zeolites (Ltaief et al, 2015;Yao et al, 2018) and corresponding to the filling of disordered pores (type H 2 ) or uniform slit-shaped (type H 3 ) intercrystal mesopores of non-rigid aggregates of plate-like particles, ascribed to the packing of zeolite crystals.…”

Section: Sorption Properties:-contrasting

confidence: 91%

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Transformation of Natural Analcime and Phillipsite During Their Hydrothermal Recrystallization Into Zeolites a and X.

Tsitsishvili¹

2019

IJAR

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The objective of the present work was to study transformation of Georgian natural zeolites, analcime and phillipsite, during their recrystallization in the aim to obtain zeolites A and X, widely used for adsorption, separation, ion exchange and catalysis. It is found that phase-pure zeolite NaA (Na 11.25(25) (K,½Ca,½Mg) 0.7(1) (Al 11.95(25) Si 12.3(3) O 48). 18H 2 O) can be prepared in the form of cubic/rhombus crystallites with uniform micrometric (3-5 μm) dimensions by hydrothermal crystallization (95 o C) of aged (72 hr) at room temperature gel (4.5Na 2 O: 0.45Al 2 O 3 : 1SiO 2 : 178H 2 O) obtained from natural analcime, treated with hydrochloric acid before suspending in water and mixing with sodium hydroxide. Phase-pure zeolite NaX (|Na 66(3) [K,½Ca,½Mg,½Cu,½Zn] 12(1) (H 2 O) 248(10) | (Al 78(3) Si 114(4) O 384)) with specific surface area of 589 m 2 /g and total pore volume of 0.578 cm 3 /g can be prepared in the form of octahedral crystallites with uniform micrometric (2-7 μm) dimensions by hydrothermal crystallization (95 o C) of aged (96 hr) at room temperature gel (2.9Na 2 O: 0.26Al 2 O 3 : 1SiO 2 : 150H 2 O) obtained from water suspension of natural phillipsite, treated with hydrochloric acid and mixed with sodium hydroxide. The resulting zeolites in their characteristics are competitive with commercially available materials.

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Section: Sorption Properties:-contrasting

confidence: 91%

“…The calculated specific surface area, 589 m 2 /g, is comparable to 573 m 2 /g for zeolite X, obtained from coal fly ash (Hu et al, 2017), and is greater than the specific surface area of 453 m 2 /g reported for NaX obtained from diatomite (Yao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Sorption Properties:-mentioning

confidence: 41%

Transformation of Natural Analcime and Phillipsite During Their Hydrothermal Recrystallization Into Zeolites a and X.

Tsitsishvili¹

2019

IJAR

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“…However, the diffraction lines of (100) and indicated lattice fringes that correspond to the planes of a cubic structure 37 . The crystallinity of the aluminosilicate may differ with changes in temperature 38 . Thus, the presence of faceted and cubic aluminosilicate crystals in the XRD spectra might be influenced by the temperature changes.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (Xrd) Aluminosilicate Nanocomentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminosilicate Nanocomposites from Incinerated Chinese Holy Joss Fly Ash: A Potential Nanocarrier for Drug Cargos

Ramanathan

Gopinath

Arshad

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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An incredible amount of joss fly ash is produced from the burning of Chinese holy joss paper; thus, an excellent method of recycling joss fly ash waste to extract aluminosilicate nanocomposites is explored. The present research aims to introduce a novel method to recycle joss fly ash through a simple and straightforward experimental procedure involving acidic and alkaline treatments. The synthesized aluminosilicate nanocomposite was characterized to justify its structural and physiochemical characteristics. A morphological analysis was performed with field-emission transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the size of the aluminosilicate nanocomposite to be ~25 nm, while also confirming a uniformly spherical-shaped nanostructure. The elemental composition was measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy and revealed the Si to Al ratio to be 13.24 to 7.96, showing the high purity of the extracted nanocomposite. The roughness and particle distribution were analyzed using atomic force microscopy and a zeta analysis. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a synthesis of faceted and cubic aluminosilicate crystals in the nanocomposites. The presence of silica and aluminum was further proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the functional groups were recognized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal capacity of the nanocomposite was examined by a thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the research suggested the promising application of aluminosilicate nanocomposites as drug carriers. The above was justified by an enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay, which claimed that the limit of the aptasensing aluminosilicateconjugated ampicillin was twofold higher than that in the absence of the nanocomposite. The drug delivery property was further justified through an antibacterial analysis against Escherichia coli (gramnegative) and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive). An increasing amount of fly ash is being produced at an alarming rate throughout the world, and it is not a simple subject to be neglected. More than 90 million tons of fly ash are being produced annually in India, China and the USA and ~50,000 acres of land are used for ash ponds 1. Apart from coal combustion in thermal power plants, joss paper fly ash also shows a significant contribution toward tremendous fly ash accumulation. Joss paper has been used since the time of the six dynasties, and it is widely burned by the Chinese population during their festivals and funerals as a notable tradition. An estimated 90,000 to 220,000 tons of joss paper is burned each year. Although the exact figure has not been identified, it is one of the main causes of air pollution, predominantly in China and Taiwan. Efforts toward the invention of ecofriendly burning furnaces with high-efficiency incinerators, to reduce the release of heavy metals from fly ash, are not disregarded but have never met the expected objective 2,3. Several efforts have been shown for the disposal or recycling of joss fly ash. The consumption of fly ash...

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“…Zeolites have been formed from wastes [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], natural sources such as clay minerals [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ] or by adding zeolite seeds in starting gel with or without organic templates [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Recently, natural cost-effective and green silica precursors such as diatomite and obsidian were also used [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Both materials are interesting natural precursors due to their relatively low cost and highly reactivity although the formation of zeolite type strongly depends on the elemental composition of these natural sources as well as on the used process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsidian as a Raw Material for Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Zeolites

et al. 2020

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A sample of rhyolitic obsidian (OS) was used as raw material for zeolite synthesis by long (4 days) and fast (2 h)-aging hydrothermal processes. Zeolite synthesis was also performed by a fast (2 h) sonication method. The products were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) both immediately after and 3 years after their formation in order to determine the stability of synthetic materials according to the method used. The results confirm zeolitization of obsidian both by long-aging conventional hydrothermal heating and fast hydrothermal process. However, the data highlight the efficiency of direct ultrasound energy in achieving more stable zeolite crystals over time. These results carried out using a natural source, follow those already obtained using wastes and pure sources as raw materials thus providing a definitive validation of the different mechanisms controlling zeolite formation according to the process used. Moreover, the results confirm the effectiveness of ultrasonic energy in the formation of zeolites that are more stable over time. Due to the chemical composition of the obsidian precursor, all synthetic zeolites show good magnetic properties (i.e., saturation magnetization), in view to potential magnetic separation.

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One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolite X Powder from Natural Low-Grade Diatomite

Cited by 56 publications

References 41 publications

Transformation of Natural Analcime and Phillipsite During Their Hydrothermal Recrystallization Into Zeolites a and X.

Transformation of Natural Analcime and Phillipsite During Their Hydrothermal Recrystallization Into Zeolites a and X.

Aluminosilicate Nanocomposites from Incinerated Chinese Holy Joss Fly Ash: A Potential Nanocarrier for Drug Cargos

Obsidian as a Raw Material for Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Zeolites

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